Week 5 lecture his

Question 1

RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM

Answer 1

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium (use every word!!)
all resting on the basement membrane but some reach higher, columar cells with cilia
basal cells are stem cells and divide to maintain epithelium

goblet cells unicellular glands that secrete mucous, with the triangular nucleus

electron microscope

lamina propria = loose connective tissue, under the basement membrane

4 cell types (just remember names, don’t need to distinguish them)
1. Ciliated columnar
2. Goblet
3. Brush
4. Basal

Question 3

goblet cells

Answer 3

• Mucous secretion
• Nucleus at base
• Increase in number during inflammation
  no cilia on it, opens up a pore to secrete mucous

Question 4

brush cells

Answer 4

just know that it exists
* Columnar
* Microvilli
* Hard to identify

Question 5

basal cells

Answer 5

• Cuboidal
• Stem cells

Question 6

lamina propria

Answer 6

name for loose connective tissue because it has natural spaces in it

loose connective tissue, very vascular with lots of vessels
very cellular (fibroblasts, lymphocytes,
plasma cells, masts cells…)

Question 7

4 layers in Respiratory passages

Answer 7

As air passage lumen diameter DECREASES….
….height of epithelium
decreases
….overall wall thickness
decreases

lumen
epithelium
lamina propria
submucosa
adventitia

Question 8

trachea microscope

Answer 8

c-shaped ring, cartilage is purple
no cartilage between oesophagus and trachea, just soft tissue

Question 9

submucose

Answer 9

loose connective tissue (like lamina propria)
submucosal glands (sero-mucous) = produce protein and more glands to produce mucous

glands = lobules
pink collagen among the glands

trachealis muscle = no control over it

smoooth muscle between the c shaped ring cartilage in trachea (hyaline cartilage)

Question 10

adventitia

Answer 10

variable amount of connective tissue
binds trachea to oesophagus & other structures in neck

Question 11

pleura

Answer 11

covers surface of the lung - visceral pleura
reflects back on itself to form - parietal pleura

space between plerual space

Serosa = simple squamous epithelium facing space + loose connective tissue

Question 12

staining between layers

Answer 12

serous = bright and colourful
mucous = clear and pale colours

Question 13

bronchus submucosa

Answer 13

loos connective tissue
smooth muscle layer
submcusoal glands
adipose
hyaline cartilage plates, not continous ring anyhmore

Question 14

bronchioles layers

Answer 14

Mucosa
Epithelium: columnar or even
cuboidal (not pseudostrafieid anymore)
lamina propria: very thin loose
connective tissue layer
may or may not see cilia

Submucosa
continuous smooth muscle
layer
NO submucosal glands or
cartilage

Adventitia
Not obvious

Question 15

smokers lung

Answer 15

surface area decreased
lung volume
walls breakdown

Question 16

alveoli

Answer 16

0.2mm diameter
* ~ 200 million alveoli per adult lung
* Walls of ducts mostly made up of alveoli
surface area covers up an entire tennis court

Macrophages
*Located in the alveolar septum & lumen of alveoli
keeping things clean in alveoli

Question 17

Type I alveolar cells (40% of cell population)

Answer 17

• Squamous (cover 95% of surface) = realy flat
• Zonula occludens junctions
• Cannot divide
• gaseous exchange occuring

Question 18

Type II alveolar cells (60%)

Answer 18

• Secrete surfactant maintains suraface tension of alveolus so they don’t stick when you breath out
• Cuboidal (cover only 5% of surface)
• May divide to become type I (if injury occurs)
• walls of alveolus

Question 19

microscope alveoli

Answer 19

alveolar duct = look like tears, big gaps

septum = divisions between air space, blood vessels in the wall e–> continous capillaries

Question 20

terminal bronchiole (cartilage, epithlium type, cells, goblet cells, smooth muscle)

Answer 20

no cartilage
simple cuboidal epithelium
some ciliated cells
NO goblet cells
thick layer of smooth muscle

Question 21

respiratory bronchiole (cartilage, epithlium type, cells, goblet cells, smooth muscle)

Answer 21

no cartilage
simple cuboidal epithelium
very few ciliated cells
NO goblet cells
very little of smooth muscle

Question 22

alveolus (cartilage, epithlium type, cells, goblet cells, smooth muscle)

Answer 22

no cartilage
simple squamous epithelium
Type 1 and 11 alveolar
NO goblet cells
occasional smooth muscle