Practical

Question 1

flexion

Answer 1

decrease angle between two body parts
e.g ankle to buttock, the angle between femur and tibia gets smaller

Question 2

extension

Answer 2

increase angle between two body parts
e.g straightening the knee, extending it

Question 3

abduction

Answer 3

movement away from the midline, raising arms out to the sides of the body,

abducting fingers means spreading them out

Question 4

adduction

Answer 4

movement towards the midline, hip squeezes the legs together

Question 5

medial rotation

Answer 5

rotating towards midline
e.g. rotating so the toes are pointing inwards

Question 6

lateral rotation

Answer 6

rotating away midline
e.g. opposite rotating so the toes are pointing outwards

Question 7

elevation

Answer 7

superior direction e.g. shoulder shrug

Question 8

depression

Answer 8

movement in inferior direction

Question 9

supination

Answer 9

asking for soup, hands palms up

Question 10

pronation

Answer 10

palms facing down, opposite of supination

Question 11

protraction

Answer 11

slouching, abduction of the shoulder bladesre

Question 12

retraction

Answer 12

straightening up, squeezing the shoulder blades

Question 13

Trapezius

Answer 13

The trapezius is a large muscle located in the upper back and extends to the neck and shoulders. It acts upon the scapula, primarily facilitating elevation, retraction, and protraction, with additional roles in rotation and stabilization of the scapula.

Question 14

Serratus Anterior

Answer 14

The serratus anterior is a fan-shaped muscle on the lateral wall of the thorax. Its primary action on the scapula includes protraction and stabilization, and it assists in the upward rotation of the scapula.

Question 15

Deltoid

Answer 15

The deltoid is a medium-sized muscle located in the shoulder region. It covers the shoulder joint and is primarily responsible for the abduction of the arm. It also participates in flexion, extension, and rotation of the shoulder.

Question 16

Pectoralis Major

Answer 16

The pectoralis major is a large, thick, fan-shaped muscle, situated at the chest of the body. It acts on the shoulder joint, facilitating movements such as adduction, flexion, and medial rotation of the shoulder.

Question 17

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 17

The latissimus dorsi is a broad, flat muscle of the back that helps in adduction, extension, and medial rotation of the shoulder joint.

Question 18

Biceps Brachii

Answer 18

The biceps brachii is a prominent muscle of the anterior arm that spans the elbow and shoulder joint. It primarily aids in the flexion of the elbow and supination of the forearm and also helps in shoulder flexion.

Question 19

Triceps Brachii

Answer 19

The triceps brachii is a large muscle on the posterior of the upper arm, involved in elbow extension. It is the principal extensor of the elbow joint.

Question 20

Pronator Teres

Answer 20

The pronator teres is a muscle of the anterior forearm that acts primarily to pronate the forearm at the radioulnar joint.

Question 21

Pronator Quadratus

Answer 21

The pronator quadratus is a square-shaped muscle on the distal forearm that also acts to pronate the forearm at the radioulnar joint.

Question 22

Supinator

Answer 22

The supinator is a muscle of the posterior forearm that supinates the forearm by rotating the radius to turn the palm anteriorly.

Question 23

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Answer 23

The flexor carpi radialis is a muscle of the anterior forearm that aids in the flexion and abduction of the wrist.

Question 24

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Answer 24

The flexor carpi ulnaris, located in the anterior forearm, helps in wrist flexion and adduction.

Question 25

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Answer 25

This is an anterior forearm muscle that flexes the medial four digits at the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints and assists in wrist flexion.

Question 26

Extensor Digitorum

Answer 26

The extensor digitorum muscle is located in the posterior forearm and is responsible for extending the medial four fingers and the wrist.

Question 27

Thenar Group

Answer 27

This muscle group is part of the intrinsic hand muscles and is located at the base of the thumb. It facilitates thumb movements such as flexion, abduction, and opposition.

Question 28

Hypothenar Group

Answer 28

The hypothenar group consists of muscles on the medial side of the palm and controls the movements of the little finger, aiding in its flexion and abduction.

Question 29

Interosseous Group

Answer 29

This group of muscles is located between the bones of the hand and is responsible for finer movements of the medial four digits.

Question 30

bones in the hand

Answer 30

Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cannot Handle

S- scaphoid
L- lunate
T- triquetrum
P- pisiform
T- trapezium
T- trapezoid
C- capitate
H- hamate