Practical Flashcards
flexion
decrease angle between two body parts
e.g ankle to buttock, the angle between femur and tibia gets smaller
extension
increase angle between two body parts
e.g straightening the knee, extending it
abduction
movement away from the midline, raising arms out to the sides of the body,
abducting fingers means spreading them out
adduction
movement towards the midline, hip squeezes the legs together
medial rotation
rotating towards midline
e.g. rotating so the toes are pointing inwards
lateral rotation
rotating away midline
e.g. opposite rotating so the toes are pointing outwards
elevation
superior direction e.g. shoulder shrug
depression
movement in inferior direction
supination
asking for soup, hands palms up
pronation
palms facing down, opposite of supination
protraction
slouching, abduction of the shoulder bladesre
retraction
straightening up, squeezing the shoulder blades
Trapezius
The trapezius is a large muscle located in the upper back and extends to the neck and shoulders. It acts upon the scapula, primarily facilitating elevation, retraction, and protraction, with additional roles in rotation and stabilization of the scapula.
Serratus Anterior
The serratus anterior is a fan-shaped muscle on the lateral wall of the thorax. Its primary action on the scapula includes protraction and stabilization, and it assists in the upward rotation of the scapula.
Deltoid
The deltoid is a medium-sized muscle located in the shoulder region. It covers the shoulder joint and is primarily responsible for the abduction of the arm. It also participates in flexion, extension, and rotation of the shoulder.
Pectoralis Major
The pectoralis major is a large, thick, fan-shaped muscle, situated at the chest of the body. It acts on the shoulder joint, facilitating movements such as adduction, flexion, and medial rotation of the shoulder.
Latissimus Dorsi
The latissimus dorsi is a broad, flat muscle of the back that helps in adduction, extension, and medial rotation of the shoulder joint.
Biceps Brachii
The biceps brachii is a prominent muscle of the anterior arm that spans the elbow and shoulder joint. It primarily aids in the flexion of the elbow and supination of the forearm and also helps in shoulder flexion.
Triceps Brachii
The triceps brachii is a large muscle on the posterior of the upper arm, involved in elbow extension. It is the principal extensor of the elbow joint.
Pronator Teres
The pronator teres is a muscle of the anterior forearm that acts primarily to pronate the forearm at the radioulnar joint.
Pronator Quadratus
The pronator quadratus is a square-shaped muscle on the distal forearm that also acts to pronate the forearm at the radioulnar joint.
Supinator
The supinator is a muscle of the posterior forearm that supinates the forearm by rotating the radius to turn the palm anteriorly.
Flexor Carpi Radialis
The flexor carpi radialis is a muscle of the anterior forearm that aids in the flexion and abduction of the wrist.
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
The flexor carpi ulnaris, located in the anterior forearm, helps in wrist flexion and adduction.
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
This is an anterior forearm muscle that flexes the medial four digits at the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints and assists in wrist flexion.
Extensor Digitorum
The extensor digitorum muscle is located in the posterior forearm and is responsible for extending the medial four fingers and the wrist.
Thenar Group
This muscle group is part of the intrinsic hand muscles and is located at the base of the thumb. It facilitates thumb movements such as flexion, abduction, and opposition.
Hypothenar Group
The hypothenar group consists of muscles on the medial side of the palm and controls the movements of the little finger, aiding in its flexion and abduction.
Interosseous Group
This group of muscles is located between the bones of the hand and is responsible for finer movements of the medial four digits.
bones in the hand
Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cannot Handle
S- scaphoid
L- lunate
T- triquetrum
P- pisiform
T- trapezium
T- trapezoid
C- capitate
H- hamate
