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MED2005 > Week 7 lecture Hist > Flashcards

Week 7 lecture Hist Flashcards

1
Q

MUCOSA components

A

epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosae

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2
Q

SUBMUCOSA components

A

connective tissue
+/- glands, lymph nodules
large vessels
nerve plexi

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3
Q

MUSCULARIS EXTERNA components

A

smooth muscle
nerve plexi

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4
Q

serosa components

A

mesothelium +
connective tissue

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5
Q

mucosa epithelium functions

A

Most variable layer, adapted to function
* Protection = cell layers, tight junctions
* Absorption = +/- microvilli
* Secretion = +/- glands that open onto
the surface
* +/- goblet cells

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6
Q

ADVENTITIA components

A

connective tissue

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7
Q

mucosa lamina propria

A

Loose connective tissue, blood vessels,
immune cells

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8
Q

mucosa - muscularis mucosa

A

circular layer of smooth muscle
* For localised movement

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9
Q

submucosa consists/made of

A

Dense irregular connective tissue
* +/- Glands & lymph nodes
* Peripheral nerve plexi & vessels

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10
Q

Muscularis Externa

A
  • Variable
  • Smooth Muscle arranged in different orientations
  • Function = peristalsis
  • Peripheral nerve plexi between muscle layers
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11
Q

Serosa

A

Simple squamous epithelium = mesothelium
Small amount of loose connective tissue
Numerous adipocytes
Nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessel

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12
Q

adventitia

A

NO epithelium
Loose and/or dense irregular connective tissue
Nerves, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

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13
Q

What’s unique about the OESOPHAGUS?

A

Mucosa
Stratified squamous epithelium
Thick muscularis mucosa

Submucosa
Many glands in upper oesophagus for lubrication

Muscularis externa
Striated muscle in upper part
Smooth muscle in lower part

Sphincters

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14
Q

STOMACH
distinguishing histological features : mucosa

A
  1. Simple columnar epithelium creating gastric pits
  2. Gastric glands
  3. Three layers of smooth muscle in muscularis externa
  4. Rugae

muscularis mucosae very thin

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15
Q

oesophagus distinguisihng features

A

Mucosa
Stratified squamous epith.
Thick muscularis mucosae

Submucosa
Glands, CT
lymph nodules

Muscularis externa
muscle
vessels, nerves

Adventitia
CT, adipose
vessels, nerves

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16
Q

STOMACH
distinguishing histological features : lamina propria

A

Lamina propria
* loose CT with immune cells
* lymphocytes, plasma cells,
eosinophils & macrophages
STOMACH

17
Q

STOMACH
distinguishing histological features : submucosa

A
  • dense irregular connective tissue
  • Vessels
  • Meissner’s nerve plexus
  • adipose
    STOMACH
18
Q

STOMACH
distinguishing histological features : muscularis externa

A
  • 3 layers of smooth muscle
  • nerves & vessels between
  • Myenteric (Auerbach’s Plexus)
19
Q

STOMACH components

A

Gastric pit
where the surface epithelium
dips down into lamina propria

Gastric gland
branched tubular
variety of cell types

Enteroendocrine cells
Hormones - Gastrin, VIP….

20
Q

stomach surface - epithelial cells

A

Entire surface of the gastric mucosa is lined with
columnar epithelial cells that dip down to form gastric pits
Mucous cells located between the epithelial cells
Most abundant in neck of glands
Secrete mucous
Nucleus at base of cell, apical cytoplasm filled with mucous

21
Q

parietal cells

A

Parietal cells secrete HCl (digestion) and intrinsic factor (allows body to absorb Vit B12
loss of production Pernicious Anaemia)

  • Intracellular canalicular system that opens into lumen of gland
  • numerous microvilli projections
  • ++ mitochondria
22
Q
A
23
Q

parietal cell TE micrograph

A
  • triangular shaped cell
  • central nucleus
  • cytoplasm 40% mitochondria
    + sER abundant
  • intracellular canaliculi
    with microvilli
24
Q

cheif cells

A

located deep in the gland
protein secreting ( pepsinogen)
rER & granules gives cytoplasm a bluish colour
Pepsinogen + HCl (pepsin) causes protein ==> peptides

25
Q

Enteroendocrine cells - G cells, enterochromaffin cells

A

Secrete into the blood vessels which is regulated by gastric contents
Small cells +/- short microvilli

gastrin, histamine, cholecystokinin, somatostatin, VIP, substance P
STOMACH

26
Q

Small Intestine : Plicae circularis

A

what : ridge of submucosa & mucosa
where : seen in longitudinal sections
greatest number in the duodenum

27
Q

Small Intestine : villi

A

what: projections of the
mucosa (0.5mm –
1.5mm long)
where: epithelium with a
core of lamina
propria
Longest in the
jejunum

28
Q

small intestine : Striated border

A

what: microvilli on the
apical surface of
epithelial cells
where: ~ 2,000/cell, actin
core

29
Q

small intestine mucosa

A

Simple columnar epithelium
* + goblet, paneth and
enteroendocrine cells

lamina propria
* fibroblasts, lymphocytes,
plasma cells, eosinophils,
macrophages
* smooth muscle cells,
collagen, vessels
* Peyer’s patches in Ileum
ONLY

muscularis mucosae
* thin layer of smooth
muscle

30
Q

small intestine submucosa

A

dense irregular CT
* large vessels
* Meissner’s nerve plexi
* Brunner’s Glands
in the Duodenum
* Peyer’s patches
seen in Ileum
lymphoid tissue

31
Q

small intestine - Muscularis externa

A

Inner layer
circular smooth muscle
segmental contraction to
mix contents
peristalsis to move
contents

Outer layer
longitudinally arranged
smooth muscle
peristalsis contraction

Auerbach’s plexus of
nerves located
between the 2 smooth
muscle layers

32
Q

small intestine - serosa

A

Simple squamous
mesothelium
Rests on a basement
membrane
Dense irregular/loose
connective tissue
Large vessels

33
Q

Enteroendocrine cells

A

Release hormones
* increase pancreatic & gallbladder activity
* initiates gastric & intestinal motility
* stimulates insulin release
* paracrine (local) effects also

34
Q

Paneth cells

A

o secrete lysozyme for antimicrobial affect to regulate
normal flora of small intestine

35
Q

Submucosa of the small intestine : regional variations (duodenum)

A

Duodenum
Brunner’s Glands
Sero-mucous secretion
pH 8.5 – 9.3

36
Q

Submucosa of the small intestine : regional variations (jejunum)

A

Dense irregular CT
Vessels, fibroblasts

37
Q

Submucosa of the small intestine : regional variations (ileum)

A

Peyer’s Patches
Lymphatic nodules

38
Q

Small Intestine
distinguishing histological features

A
  • Plicae circularis
  • Villi
  • Paneth cells
  • Brunner’s glands in submucosa of Duodenum
  • Peyer’s patches of lymphoid tissue in Ileum

MED2005 (12 decks)

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