week 8: hematology 1 Flashcards
what do red blood cells contain?
red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin, which carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body and carry CO2 away
components of blood
-red blood cells (45%)
-plasma (55%)
-white blood cells & platelets (1%)
function of red blood cells
role in transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide
function of white blood cells & platelets
white blood cells = role in immune response
platelets = role in clotting
components of a complete blood count (CBC)
-RBC
-hemoglobin (Hgb/Hb)
-WBC
-platelets (PLT)
-hematocrit (HCT)
what is hematocrit measuring?
% of RBC in total blood volume
what is a normal hematocrit lab value?
36-52%
what is hemoglobin measuring?
amount of hemoglobin present in blood = color
indicator of oxygen carrying capacity
components of hemoglobin
1 oxygen molecule, 2 alpha, & 2 beta chains = O2 & iron
what are normal hemoglobin lab values?
12-17
what are normal lab values for RBCs?
4.5-5.5 million/mm3
what are normal lab values for WBCs?
5,000 – 10,000/mm3
what are normal lab values for platelets?
150,000 – 400, 000/mm3
what would LOW hemoglobin lab values indicate?
-decreased oxygen carrying capacity
-acute: bleeding
-chronic: kidney disease and/or nutrient deficiencies
what would HIGH hematocrit lab values indicate?
polycythemia: increased # of red blood cells
what would LOW hematocrit lab values indicate?
-occurs with anemia
-acute: bleeding
-chronic: kidney disease and/or nutrient deficiencies
what would HIGH WBCs lab values indicate?
indicate fighting off infection (looking at differential will tell you exact what type)
what would LOW WBCs lab values inidcate?
concerns about impaired immune function
-leukemia
-chemo
-autoimmune disorders
-aplastic anemia
what would HIGH platelet lab values indicate?
thrombocytosis
-bleeding & impaired clotting
what would LOW platelet lab values indicate?
thrombocytopenia
-bleeding & impaired clotting
normal adult MCV value
84-96 fL
size of red blood cell
what would an increase in MCV indicate?
macrocytic
what would a decrease in MCV indicate?
microcytic
normal adult MCH value
28 – 34 pg/cell
what would an increase in MCH indicate?
hyperchromic
what would a decrease in MCH indicate?
hypochromic
different types of white blood cells & percentages of each (5)
-neutrophils = 70%
-lymphocytes = 30%
-monocytes = 7%
-eosinophils = 3%
-basophils = 1%
what is the mnemonic to remember the different types of white blood cells?
Never
Let
Me
Eat
Beans
what infection is a neutrophil associated with?
bacterial infection
what infection is a lymphocyte associated with?
viral infection
what infection is a monocyte associated with?
chronic infection
what infection is a eosoniphil associated with?
eating parasite
what infection is a basophil associated with?
bee stings allergic
what are the stimulus for erythropoiesis?
hypoxia due to…
-decreased RBC count
-decreased amount of hemoglobin
-decreased availability of oxygen
measuring/indicators of erythropoiesis
-reticulocytes are a good indication of erythropoietic activity
-reticulocytes are immature RBCs
what happens if a patient has kidney disease, what are they at risk for?
increased risk of anemia and will have issues producing erythropoietin
nutritional requirements for erythropoiesis
-vitamin B12 (play role in DNA synthesis)
-folic acid (folate) (play role in DNA synthesis)
-iron
-proteins
