week 7 lecture

Question 1

what is the normal platelet count (lab values)?

Answer 1

150k-400k

Question 2

what does the PTT measure

Answer 2

a blood test that looks at how long it takes for blood to clot

Question 3

normal PTT values

Answer 3

33-45 seconds

Question 4

therapeutic PTT values

Answer 4

45-70 seconds

Question 5

what does the PT measure

Answer 5

measures how long it takes for a clot to form in a blood sample

Question 6

normal PT values

Answer 6

10-14 seconds

Question 7

therapeutic PT values

Answer 7

1.5 times control or about 18 seconds

Question 8

PT is always reported with?

Answer 8

international normalized ratio (INR)

Question 9

normal INR

Answer 9

1

Question 10

therapeutic INR for normal individuals

Answer 10

2-3

Question 11

therapeutic INR for individuals with recurring systemic clots, emboli, or mechanical heart valves

Answer 11

2.5-3.5

Question 12

thrombus

Answer 12

pathological clot

Question 13

embolus

Answer 13

clot that travels

Question 14

myocardial infarction (MI)

Answer 14

heart attack relating to insufficient oxygen delivery

Question 15

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Answer 15

stroke (obstruction of blood delivery to the brain)

Question 16

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Answer 16

clot formation in deep veins of lower extremities

Question 17

pulmonary embolism (PE)

Answer 17

embolus lodging in the lungs

Question 18

abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)

Answer 18

ballooning of the aorta due to weakness of vessel wall

Question 19

what effect does abnormal turbulent blood flow have on clot formation?

Answer 19

increased likelihood of clot formation

Question 20

atrial fibrillation (AF or AFib)

Answer 20

increased frequency of contraction of atria + increased likelihood of clot formation

Question 21

BEFAST mnemonic

Answer 21

Balance
Eyes
Face
Arms
Speech
Time

Question 22

coagulation disorders (pathophysiology)

Answer 22

caused by defects or deficiencies in one or more clotting factors which leads to excessive bleeding

Question 23

what organ produces clotting factors?

Answer 23

liver

Question 24

what it the consequence of liver disease on blood clotting?

Answer 24

liver disease decreases clotting factor production

Question 25

what clotting factor is dysfunctional in Hemophilia A?

Answer 25

missing Factor VIII

Question 26

what clotting factors is dysfunctional in Hemophilia B?

Answer 26

missing Factor IX

Question 27

what clotting factor is dysfunctional in VonWillebrand Disease?

Answer 27

relative lack of VWF or defective VWF VIII

Question 28

treatment for vonWillebrand disease?

Answer 28

desmopressin to promote VWF production, platelet, and Factor VIII transfusion

Question 29

what does bleeding look like in Hemophilia A & B?

Answer 29

uncontrolled bleeding

Question 30

hemophilia A & B factor missing?

Answer 30

A = 8
B = 9

Question 31

hemophilia A & B treatment

Question 32

what does bleeding look like in von Willebrand Factor Disease?

Answer 32

subtle bleeding

Question 33

how does vWF help platelets?

Answer 33

helps platelets stick to the site of vessel injury

Question 34

how does vWF help clotting factors?

Answer 34

partner for factor VIII that prevents it from being broken down = stabilizes factor VIII

Question 35

what is the action of anticoagulants?

Answer 35

interfere with the normal cascade of events involved in the clotting process

Question 36

which anticoagulant drug has a rapid onset for its therapeutic effect?

Answer 36

heparin

Question 37

coagulation modifier drugs patient teaching

Answer 37

-watch for signs of bleeding
-use electric shaver
-use a soft toothbrush
-medic alert bracelet
-do not discontinue without discussing with MD/NP

Question 38

hemophilia A & B treatment

Answer 38

fresh frozen plasma