week 6 lecture

Question 1

what is hemostasis?

Answer 1

arrest or stopping of bleeding

Question 2

what happens when hemostasis is inadequate?

Answer 2

bleeding will occur

Question 3

what happens when hemostasis is excessive?

Answer 3

clotting/thrombosis, embolus

Question 4

what is an ischemic stroke?

Answer 4

a blood clot backs the flow of blood & oxygen to the brain

Question 5

what is a hemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 5

bleeding in the brain due to a rupture of a blood vessel

Question 6

what components of blood are pro-clotting?

Answer 6

platelets & clotting factors made by the liver

Question 7

what components of blood are anti-clotting?

Answer 7

prostaglandin 12 causes vasodilation & nitric oxide

Question 8

intrinsic vs extrinsic pathway

Answer 8

intrinsic: injury occurring inside vessels
extrinsic: injury occurring outside vessels

Question 9

what do the both intrinsic and extrinsic pathway lead to?

Answer 9

both lead to a common pathway which leads to the fibrin clot formation

Question 10

epistaxis

Answer 10

nose bleed

Question 11

hemoptysis

Answer 11

cough up blood

Question 12

hematemesis

Answer 12

vomit bright red blood

Question 13

petechiae

Answer 13

-pin point round (rash)
-not associated with trauma
-spontaneous
-dont blanch

Question 14

purpura

Answer 14

-more leakage of blood from blood vessels spontaneously
-no trauma
-don’t blanch & different from bruise

Question 15

coffee ground emesis

Answer 15

-vomit digested old blood
-blood encounters gastric acids
-indicates bleeding from stomach ulcers

Question 16

melena

Answer 16

dark tarry stools (digested blood)
-higher GI bleed

Question 17

hematochezia

Answer 17

bright red bloody stools
-lowed bleeding in GI

Question 18

ecchymosis

Answer 18

red/purple/black /blue, skin discoloration caused by extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous tissue → aka bruise