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CLASSICS > Week 8 - Hellenistic Cities > Flashcards

Week 8 - Hellenistic Cities Flashcards

1
Q

Last period of Greek timeline

A

Hellenistic period 323 (Alexander Great death)

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2
Q
A
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2
Q

Hellenistic Kingdoms

A
  • borders shift through period, but development of three major kingdoms
    1. Antigonid Macedonia/Greece
    2. Seleukid Asia (Attalis Pergamon)
    3. Ptolemaic Egypt
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3
Q

Life in the Hellenistic Period

A

Royalty
- large scale palaces that are just versions of a house
- new cities founded
- royal patronage

  • Greece fades into the background (uncertain times)
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4
Q

Hellinistic Coinage

A
  • royal coinages
  • heads with Alexander on them
  • over time ruler potraits are more common
  • head of state on one side and something important to the state on reverse
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5
Q

The Birth of Art Collecting

A
  • wealthy Hellenistic monarchs collected originals/copies to adorn their cities and residences
  • art is now PURELY decorative
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6
Q

The Hellenistic Baroque (art style)

A
  • the kingdom of Peragamon as centre
  • vigorous gestures, dramatic emotions
  • there are some great artists but they are inferior to people of Classical artists
  • decline in art style?
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7
Q

The Nike of Samothrace

explain significance of art style switch

A
  • shift toward more emotion and drama compared to Paionios in Classical period
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8
Q

The Weary Boxer

HELLENISTIC ART EXAMPLE

A
  • broken nose
  • puffy eye
  • worn down
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9
Q

Historical Background of Pergamon

A
  • prehistoric inhabitants
  • Philetairos (one of the founders of Attalid dynasty) / family of the Attalids
  • Territorial expansion followed by creation of Roman province of Asia
  • modern Bergama a city
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10
Q

Money in Pergamon

A
  • cloised coinage system (produced on a lower standard/cheaper)
  • they don’t leave their area
  • people have to trade higher value coins for their money
  • no ruler potrait (snake design known as Cistophori), Cista Mystica
  • continues through the Roman Imperial Period
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11
Q

The Acropolis of Pergamon

A
  • inland (not on the coast)
  • Kings try to adopt Athenian identity
  • they fund parts of the Athens
  • mirrors Anatolian cities
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12
Q

The Theatre at Pergamon

A

Greek theatres
- Dionysus
- Built into hills
- Orchestra (where the action actualy happened) , skene (backdrop)
- theatron (seating area)

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13
Q

The Temple of Athena in Pegamon

A
  • victory bearing Athena
  • fourth century, Doric style
  • commemorative monuments to victory over the guals
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14
Q

The Library of Pergamon

A
  • built by Eumenus II
  • library is gifted to Cleopatra VII from Marcus Antonius
  • they wrote on parchment and the codex (pages bound together) instead of papyrus
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15
Q

The Great Altar of Pergamon

A
  • stairs led up to altar
  • outer frieze: gigantomachy
  • inner frieze: telephos
  • freestanding statutes along roofline and bwteen columns
  • now in Berlin
16
Q

Exterior Frieze of the Great Altar of Pergamon

A
  • Athena fighting a giant
  • giants have snake legs
17
Q

Alexandria History

A
  • founded in 331 BCE by Alexander
  • multiple Alexandrias
  • his tmb was located here
  • Ptolemaic Dynasty (300 years long)
  • then Cleopatra dies and Egypt becomes a Roman province with Alexandria as the capital
  • Strabo (writer) late 1st century BCE
18
Q

The Founding of Alexandria

A
  • it was a village before Alexander
  • he saw it was a good village and took advantage of it
19
Q

Coinage

in Alexandria

A
  • closed currency system
  • kings and queens represented
  • circulated locally
  • much more rigid
  • people had to turn in their coins and given Alexandrian coins (works as a tax)
  • gold was the standard metal
  • abandon Alexandar and put Ptolmey and Arsinoe (queens appearing beside the king)
20
Q

Cleopatra VII

A
  • strict divide between Greeks and Egyptians
  • final Monarch in Tomic Dynasty
  • she was represented differently
  • Greek one: greek style
  • Cleopatra DESIGN FROM EGYPT: hard stone, more detail on head piece
21
Q

City Plan of Alexandria

lighthouse place

A
  • very sparse
  • we don’t know a lot
  • lighthouse
  • palace
  • muesuem and library
  • wide central crossing
22
Q

The Mouseion (Museum)

In Alexandria

A
  • shrine to the Muses and place for scholarly studying and teaching
  • contained the Library of Alexandria (largest in the world)
  • Burned by Julius Caesar
23
Q

The Pharos (Lighthouse)

A
  • helios on the top
  • oil lamp held by helios
  • represented on coins
  • winding staircase
  • two tritons in middle

CLASSICS (12 decks)

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