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CLASSICS > Week 5 - The Mycenaeans and Troy > Flashcards

Week 5 - The Mycenaeans and Troy Flashcards

1
Q

The iliad

A

-poem about the Aegean Bronze age
-written by Homer
-Gods interacted directly with humans
- about Troy war

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2
Q

Trojan War basic overview

A
  • war between Greeks and the Trojans
  • Greeks led by King Agamemnon
  • trying to get Helen back
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3
Q

Heinrich Shliemann found..

A

Troy, Mycenae, Tiryns

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4
Q

Mycenaean: Linear B

A
  • based on Linear A
  • meant to be termporary administrative records
  • Micheal Ventris
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5
Q

Tripod Tablet

A

-tripod was first word to be discovered
-determined it was Greek so Mycenaeans are Greek

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6
Q

The Arrival of the Greeks: Theory 1

A
  • transition from Early Hellatic 2 and 3
  • lots of cultural changes
  • bronze is a pre greek word
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7
Q

The Arrival of the Greeks: Theory 2

A

-final Neolithic period
-arrival of agriculture
-meaning Greek language involved in Greece itself

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8
Q

Mycenaean Religion

sorority

A

-ancestor worship
-early worship of olympian gods
female terracotta figurines: phi and psi

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9
Q

Minoan art influence

What did the Mycenaeans take from their wall art

A
  • motifs
  • representation of people
  • fresco technique
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10
Q

Mycenaean original art had

A
  • war and hunting motifs (not seen in Minoan art)
  • method of dress
  • simple backgrounds

focus on war and conflict / plain backgrounds

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11
Q

Political Development for Mycenaeans

A
  • Big men (proto chiefs)
  • chiefdoms (big men established heriditary, more formalized)
  • Wanaktes or Wanax sing. (King leaders)
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12
Q

Palace of Mycenae

A
  • no central court
  • Megarons (central part of Mycenean palace)
  • simpler, smaller palace
  • not self contained / not one unified building
  • fortifiaction wall
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13
Q

Architectural Feautures of Mycenean Palaces

A

-fortification walls
-cyclopean masonry (uneven, random big blocks)

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14
Q

Lion Gate

A

-ashlar masonry
- post and luntel structure
- relieving triangle
- Hittite influence (the Lion motif)
- Minoan influence (tapered column in middle of lions)

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15
Q

Main Elements of Mycenean Palaces

A

-megaron
- storerooms
- workshops
- religious areas
- royal dwellings

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16
Q

Function of Mycenean Palaces

A
  • political, religious and economic centres
  • Megaron as seat of the wanax
  • No hierarchy between the palaces
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17
Q

Grave Circle A

A
  • inside the walls
  • 6 shaft graves, 19 bodies
  • Stelai (stele) and burial mounds
18
Q

Grave Goods from Grave Circle A

A
  • so called Mask of Agamemnon (maybe was a death mask for all men)
  • bull
  • daggers
19
Q

Tholos Tombs

A
  • dromos (pathway)
  • stomion (main entrance)
  • corbelled vault
  • tumulus
  • bodies buried in the chamber
  • most of them were looted
20
Q

The Treasury of Atreus

A
  • big tomb
  • maybe for a king?
21
Q

Funerary Customs

A
  • prothesis led by women (displaying the corpse)
  • washing and dressing of corpse
  • offerings
  • ekphora (carrying body to the tomb)
  • animal sacrifice (horses were buried in some)
  • secondary burial
22
Q

Troy in Myth

A
  • Homer iliad
  • Helen is kidnapped by Trojan prince Paris
  • Priam, king of troy
  • Agamemnon, king of Mycenae and “King of Kings”
  • Gret walled city
  • Destroyed by the Mycenaeans after 10 year siege
  • is there any truth to this?
23
Q

Troy in General

A
  • located in modern Hisarlik, Turkey
  • major excavations by Heinrich Scliemann
24
Q

Who were the Trojans?

related to

A

maybe related to the Hittites and the Greeks
- influence by both culture
- maybe an alliance with the Hittites

25
Q

The Site of Troy

A
  • inhabited for 2000 years
  • troy 2 layer
  • troy 6 and 7 layers
26
Q

Troy 2

charectirized by priam’s treasure

A
  • Priam’s treasure
  • lots of valuables found at this site
27
Q

Modern history of Priam’s Treasure

A
  • smuggled out of Turkey by Schliemann and was he sued
  • he tries to sell Museums but he ends up giving it to a Berlin Museum
  • Russia takes it in WWII
28
Q

Troy 6

what was found + site gets bigger

A
  • site gets bigger
  • this level of site was destroyed from antiquity
  • hard to tell if it was an earthquake or war
  • Mycenean pottery found
29
Q

Troy 7a

flames

A
  • rebuilt after troy 6
  • beseigned, sacked and burned
  • rebuilt afterwards and continued to be inhabited on a small scale
30
Q

Evidence of Collapse: Trouble brewing

A
  • increased fortification walls (fear of attack)
  • protection of water supply
  • protection of water supply and workshops
31
Q

Evidence of Collapse: destruction

A
  • ## almost all palaces destroyed
32
Q

Elements of the Collapse

A
  • withdrawal from cities to the hills
  • arts in decline (financial strain)
  • Mycenaean palace system, Hittite Empire, Ugarit all fall
  • complete loss of Linear B
33
Q

Possible factors: conflict

civil wae, invasion, _____ people

A
  • foreign or civil war?
  • seven against Thebes (civil)
  • Dorian Invasion (the doric Greek dialect, wall across the Isthmus of Corinth)
  • Sea peoples (accounts of attacks from 14th-11th centuries / origins unclear)
34
Q

Ramses 3

A

describes sea people, not really sure who they were, roaming band of mauraders, only looted and destroyed palaces

35
Q

Systems Collapse

economy

A
  • overly centralized economy
  • replacement of palaces with independent merchants and small city states
36
Q

Earthquakes

A
  • storm of earthquakes in 13th century
  • seismic evidence DOES NOT support this conclusion
37
Q

Climate change

during this time

A
  • evidence of drought in Anatolia and the Levant
  • ancient documents refer to grain shortages
38
Q

Possible Factors: Perfect storm theory

A
  • economy, drought, variety of invadors, a lot of factors that caused the collapse
  • very complicated
39
Q

Aftermath of destruction

LOSS OF WRITING IS VERY IMPORTANT

A
  • postpalatial period
  • loss of writing (Linear B and cuneiform)
  • dissapeareance of palaces and royalty
  • large decrease in population
  • flourishing of pictorial pottery
40
Q

Warrior Vase, Mycenae

A

from the aftermath period of the Bronze Age Collapse

CLASSICS (12 decks)

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