Week 11 - Pompeii and Herculaneum Flashcards
1
Q
Pompeii and Herculaneum
A
- located on the Bay of Naples
- best preserved cities from the Roman period
- 79 CE: eruption of Mount Vesuvius
2
Q
The Eruption of Mount Vesuvius
A
- eruptive column 20km high of ash, pumice and gas
- Nuee ardente/pyroclastic surge
- Pompeii vs. Herculaneum
- Pliny’s account; he wrote what he saw
- people died from suffocation in Pompeii
- People died from pyroclastic surges in Herculaneum (way more ash)
3
Q
The Date of the Eruption
A
- August 24th, 79 CE
- Evidence against an August date because of
1. autumn fruits
2. completed wine harvest
3. direction of the wind
4. newly discovered inscription - new proposed date: October 24th, 79 CE
4
Q
The History of the Excavations
A
- ancient looting
- 1738 at Herculaneum. 1748 at Pompeii
- 1980: Earthquake causes the site to be closed
- Present: conservation work
5
Q
Site Plan of Pompeii
A
- lots of roads
- Amphitheatre
- Stabian Gate
- a lot of the city is not excavated
6
Q
The people of pompeii and Herculaneum
A
- plaster cast technique developed by Fiorelli, director of the Pompeii Excavation
- Boat house - Herculaneum
- People in their home - Pompeii
7
Q
The Plants of Pompeii
A
- roots casts based on Fiorelli’s technique
- study of carbonized vegetation
- recreation of ancient gardens and vineyards
8
Q
Statius, Silvae poem
A
- huge event in roman culture
- a lot of well known people lived in this city
- very sad
9
Q
Roman Family and friends terms
A
paterfamilias: head of hosuehold
nuclear family: paterfamilias, wife, children
Enslaved people
- house-born or purchased
- manumission (freeing of enslaved people)
- freedmen (given citizenship)
Clients and patrons (fund projects that clients needed help with).
freedmen had to be client of their patron
10
Q
Houses
the upper-class urban domus
A
- general organization from public to private
- atrium (first room)
- impluvium (hole in cieling)
- tablinum (home office)
- triclinium: dining room
- peristyle: garden surrounded by columns
- cubiculum: bedroom
11
Q
A
12
Q
Enslaved People’s quarters
A
- in larger homes
- distinction from the rest of the house: marginalization
- less decoration
13
Q
A new style house
A
- axial-peristyle house in late first century
- more private house instead of public
- or maybe hosue became more public
14
Q
Insulae
A
- roman apartment buildings
- where the majority of the population lived
- poor standard of living
15
Q
The Roman Villa
A
- large country estate
- found on outskirts of city
- leisure function: for wealthy people to relax
- economic function: vineyard
- wide variation in the plan/style/size
