Week 12 - The Roman Provinces Flashcards
East
- way more citiy strcutures, more built up than the west
individual everyday people perspective
- they were distressed because of the powerful
- they were perverted by violemce, favourtism and bribery
- lots of distrust
Romanization
- making culture more Roman
- colonization
- forced their cultural standards on others
- created colonies to directly Romanize areas
Hellenization
- making culture more Greek
Roman Provincial Coinage
West: supplied with coins by the central Roman mint
East: created their own imperially approved silver and bronze coinages at local mints
Palmyra (city) Syria
- major trade hub between Asia and Europe
- 2nd century Bce: First urban development
- 64 BCE: the Roman Province of Syria
- The Palmyrene Empire under Zenobia
- Main languages: Greek and Aramaic
Palmyrene Funerary Relief
- no invidiaulized faces
- combination of the local and Greco-Roman in style, dress, attributes and inscriptions
- inscriptions usually in Aramaic
- men dressed as priests
- women were jewlerry and turbans
- message of grief and name
Palmyrene vs Roman elements in sculptures
funerary style
- poses are similar
- women meant to show modesty in both contexts
- both have inscriptions
- way more detail in Palymyrene with backdrop
The City of Palmyra city plan
- theatre
- agora
- tetrapylon
- bath compplex
- diotecian
- Greco-Roman influences
-local culture: their temples/own local gods
Temple of Bel, Palmyra
- dedicated to local patron deity Bel
- combination of local and Greco-Roman elements
- main room, columns all around, big stairway
- stair is on longside, not centered
- people can go upstairs and stand on roof top
The Destruction of Palmyra
modern day
- Isis control, large sections of the site were destroyed
- many artifacts were saved through Asaad (murdered by Isis)
- today: preservation work underway
Leptis Magna, history
- located in modern Libya
- punic settlement
- early imperial construction
- hometown of Septimius Severus: Roman emperor
- Destructions in 5th and 7th century
- Excavation started in 20th century
City Plan
- imperial Pre-Severan
markets, old forum, theatre, amphitheatre and temples
- septimius severus
colonnaded street, tetrapylon, forum , harbour
The Freestanding Arch
- uniquely Roman form of commemoration
- Triumphal arch: made to commemorate a military victory
- triumph: a military parade to celebrate a victorious general; voted on by the senate
Arch of Septimius Severus from Leptis Magna
- major scenes: sacrifice, dextraum iunctio, two trimuphal processions
Damnatio memoriae
Geta and Caracalla
- government could vote against sanctions of people memory from the public
- Geta was erased because he was assasinated
- his name was erased everywhere, his pictures had to be erased
- his face is defaced
City of Trier
the tetrarchy (when emperors divided into four parts)
founded by Diocletation (empire divided in 4 between two senior Augusti and two junior Caesares)
- capitals at nicomedia, milan, trier, sirmium
- other prominent cities include split
- Rome is the “symbolic” capital of the empire
Trier
- founded as an army camp by Augustus
- latin name: Augusta Trevorum
- Abandoned as administrative centre at the end of the fourth century
Trier: Porta Nigra
North gate of Roman trier
- turned into a medival church
- modern restoration starting in 19th century
Basilica of Constantine
- originally an imperial palace
- later converted into a church
