Week 8: Gluteal, Post. Thigh and Leg mm. Flashcards
Muscle : Glut. Medius
Origin: External side of ilium between ant. and post. gluteal lines
Insertion: lat. side of trochanter of femur
Innervation: Sup. gluteal nerve (L5, S1)
Main Action: abduct and medially rotate thigh, keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing and advance opposite side during its swing phase
Muscle: tensor fasciae latae
Origin: ASIS, ant. part of iliac crest
Insertion: iliotibial tract, which attaches to lateral condyle of tibia
Innervation: Sup. gluteal nerve (L5, S1)
Main Action: abduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing and advance opposite side during its swing phase
Muscle: Gastrocnemius
Origin: lateral head: lateral aspect of condyle of femur, medial head: popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle
Insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Innervation: Tibial nerve S1, S2
Action: plantarflexes andle when knee is extended, raises heel during walking, flexes leg at knee joint.
Muscle: biceps femoris (long head)
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: lateral side of head of fibula. Tendon splits at this site by fibular collateral ligament on the knee
Innervation: Tibial division of sciatic nerve L5, S1, S2
Main Action: flexes leg and rotatees it laterally when knee is flexed, extends thigh, e.g. accelerating mass during first step of gait
Muscle: popliteus
Origin: lat. surface of lat. condyle of femur and lateral meniscus
Insertion: posterior surface of tibit and superior to soleal line
Innervation: tibial n. L4, L5, S1
Action: weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by rotating femur 5 degrees on fixed tibia, medially rotates tibia of unplanted limb
Muscle: gluteus minimus
Origin: external side of ilium between ant. and inf. gluteal lines.
Insertion: Ant. side of greater trochanter of femur
Innervation: Sup. gluteal nerve L5, S1
Main Action: abduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing and advance opposite side during its swing phase
Muscle: Inferior gemellus
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur
Innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris L5,S1
Main Action: laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh, steady femoral head within acetabulum
Muscle: tibialis posterior
Origin: interosseous membrane, post. surface of tibia inferior to soleal line, post. surface of fibula
Insertion: tuberosity of navicular, cuneiform, cuboid and sustentaculum tali of calcaneus, bases of metatarsals 2-4
Innervation: Tibial n. L4, L5
Action: plantarflexes ankle, INverts foot
Muscle: flexor hallucis longus
Origin: Inferior 2/3rd of post. surface of fibula; inf. part of interosseous membrane
Insertion: base of distal phalanx of hallux
Innervation: tibial n. S2, S3
Main action: flexes great toe at all joint, weakly plantarflexes ankle, support medial longitudinal arch of foot
Muscle: quadratus femoris
Origin: lateral border of ischial tuberosity
Insertion: quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it
Innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris L5, S1
Main Action: laterally rotate thigh, steadies femoral head within acetabulum
Muscle: semitendinosus
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial surface of sup. part of tibia
Innervation: tibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia L5, S1,S2
Main Action: extend thigh, flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed. When thigh and leg are flexed these muscles can extend trunk
Muscle: fibularis brevis
Origin: head and superior 2/3rds of lateral surface of fibula
Insertion: base of 1 metatarsal and medial cuneiform
Innervation: superfical fibular n. L5, S1, S2
Action: everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle
Muscle: soleus
Origin: post. aspect of head and sup. quarter of posterior surface of fibula; soleal line and middle third of medial border of tibia, and tendinous arch extending between the bony attachments
Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Innervation: tibial n. S1, S2
Main action: plantarflexes ankle independent of position of knee, steadies leg on the foot
Muscle: piriformis mm.
Origin: ant. surface of sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: sup. border of greater trochanter of femur
Innervation: branches of ant. rami of S1 and S2
Main Action: laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh, steady femoral head within acetabulum
Muscle: flexor digitorum longus
Origin: medial part of posterior surface of tibia inf. to soleal line; by a broad tendon to fibula
Insertion: bases of distal phalanges of lateral four digits
Innervation: Tibial n. S2, S3
action: flexes lateral four digits; plantarflexes ankle, supports longitudinal arches of foot
Muscle: Fibularis longus
Origin: head and sup. 2/3rds of lat. surface of fibula
Insertion: base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
Innervation: superficial fibular n. L5, S1, S2
Main action: everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle
Muscle: extensor digitorum longus
Origin: lateral condyle of tibia and sup. 3/4 of medial surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits
Innervation: deep fibular n. L4 L5
Main Action: extends lateral four digits and dorsiflexes ankle
Muscle: Tibialis anterior
Origin: lat, condyle and superior half of lat. surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
Insertion: medial and inf. surfaces of the medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
Innervation: deep fibular n. L4 L5
Main Action: dorsiflexes ankle and INverts foot
Muscle: superior gemellus
Origin: superior ischial spine
Insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur
Innervation: nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)
Main Action: laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh, steady femoral head within acetabulum
Muscle: biceps femoris (short head)
Origin: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
Insertion: lateral side of head of fibula. Tendon splits at this site by fibular collateral ligament on the knee
Innervation: common fibular division of sciatic nerve L5, S1, S2
Main Action: flexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed, extends thigh, e.g. accelerating mass during first step of gait
Muscle: obturator internus
<em>Remember: “obturator sandwich” the obturator internus is sandwiched between superior and inferior gemellus</em>
Origin: pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones
Insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur
Innervation: nerve to obturator internus L5, S1
Main Action: laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh, steady femoral head within acetabulum
Muscle: Gluteus maximus
Origin: ilium posterior to post. gluteal line, dorsal side of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity
Innervation: Inf. gluteal nerve L5, S1, S2
Main Action: Extends thigh, assists in lat. rotation, steadies thigh and assists in rising from sitting position
Muscle: plantaris
Origin: inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur, oblique popliteal ligament
Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Innervation: tibial n. S1, S2
Main action: weakly assist gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle
Muscle: extensor hallucis longus
Origin: middle part of ant. surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)
Innervation: deep fibular n. L4 L5
Main Action: extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle
Muscle: semimembranosus
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: posterior part of medial condyle of tibia. Reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament (to lateral femoral condyle)
Innervation: tibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia L5, S1,S2
Muscle: Fibularis tertius
Origin: inf. 3rd of ant. surfance of fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion: dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal
Innervation: deep fibular n. L4 L5
Main Action: dorsiflexes ankle and aids in eversion of the foot
