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PSY112 - Brain & Behaviour > Week 8 - Emotion > Flashcards

Week 8 - Emotion Flashcards

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1
Q

What is emotion?

A

Emotion is an evaluative response and includes

  • physiological arousal
  • subjective experience
  • behavioural/emotional expression
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2
Q

What is affect?

A

Pattern of behaviours that express emotion

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3
Q

What is mood?

A

More general emotional state that may or may not be externally expressed

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4
Q

What is expression?

A

Overt signs of emotion

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5
Q

Emotions can be classified according to their what?

A

Valence

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6
Q

A positive affect is associated with why types of behaviours and what brain region?

A

Pleasure-seeking, approach-oriented behaviour

Left frontal lobe

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7
Q

A negative affect is related to what kinds of behaviour and what brain region?

A

Avoidance behaviour

Right frontal lobe

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8
Q

What is the Discrete Emotions Theory?

A

Humans experience a small number of discrete emotions

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9
Q

According to the Discrete Emotions Theory these discrete emotions do what? (4)

A

Serve distinct evolutionary purposes
Have distinct physiological responses
Are universal across cultures
Occur before thought

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10
Q

In regards to the evolutionary perspective emotions serve adaptive purpose which increases what?

A

Chances of survival

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11
Q

How do these emotions help survival? (2)

A 
Social communication
Internal motivator (eg fear- flight or fight)
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12
Q

Discrete emotion theorists propose there are how many primary emotions?

A

7

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13
Q

Combining two or more primary emotions result in what?

A

Secondary emotions

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14
Q

Cultures have different rules about how and when to express emotions, what is this called?

A

Display rules

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15
Q

The insula is triggered by what emotion?

A

Disgust

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16
Q

What does the James-Lange Theory of emotions propose?

A

The sequence of events in experiencing emotion is: Emotion inducing stimulus → Behavioural and Bodily Responses → Affective Experience.

The theory itself emphasises how physiological arousal, with the exclusion of emotional behaviour, is the determiner of emotional feelings.

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17
Q

What is the Somatic Marker Theory?

A

Gut reactions and physiological response unconsciously directs our decision making and emotional reaction

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18
Q

What is the Cannon-Bard Theory?

A

Emotional and behavioural responses are elicited simultaneously and independently
- Somatic and autonomic responses can influence emotional experience in some cases

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19
Q

What is the Appraisal Theory?

A

Emotion arises from appraisal of a stimulus (cognitive element)

Essentially, our appraisal of a situation causes an emotional, or affective, response that is going to be based on that appraisal.

Emotions will vary depending on the significance of a stimulus

20
Q

What is the Two-Factor Theory of emotion?

A

The two-factor theory of emotion, states that emotion is based on two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive processes.

According to Schachter, both of these elements must be present for you to experience an emotion.

Cognitive interpretation is based on internal/external event

eg people rate opposite sex as more attractive if they have just been on a roller coaster

21
Q

What is emotion regulation?

A

A person’s ability to effectively manage and respond

to an emotional experience.

22
Q

Reframing the meaning of an event before emotional response occurs does what?

A

Reduces negative affect

23
Q

Suppressing emotions after the emotional response leads to?

A

Increased autonomic arousal

24
Q

Is emotion regulation learnt?

A

Yes, we can change the way we react

25
Q

Our mood can influence what?

A

Memory capacity, problem solving ability, decision making, judgements

Bias our attention

Influence our expectations of the future

26
Q

What is the Mere Exposure Effect?

A

Liking more familiar stimuli

27
Q

What is the Facial Feedback Hypothesis?

A

You are more likely to feel emotions that correspond to your facial features
- participants feel the emotion they display

28
Q

What is the importance of the Limbic System in regards to emotion?

A

It produces and regulates emotional responses and helps us to interpret the emotions of others

29
Q

What does the Hippocampus do?

A

Helps encode new long-term memories including emotional information (through interaction with the amygdala)

30
Q

What is the Cingulate Cortex involved?

A

Emotional expression and interpreting/engaging in social behaviour

31
Q

What is Kluver-Bucy Syndrome? Symptoms?

A

A bilateral remove/damage to the amygdala

Major symptoms include lack of fear, urge to put objects in mouth, memory loss, hyper sexuality

32
Q

What is the role of the Pre-frontal Cortex? (in regards to emotion)

A

Cognitive appraisal of emotional information
Conscious decisions based on emotional information
Regulation of emotional responses/expressions

33
Q

What is the role of the Insula Cortex? (in regards to emotion)

A

It is involved in recognition and experience of disgust

34
Q

The Low Road refers to?

A

Be fast

- Fast subcortical pathway via the thalamus (rapid threat detection)

35
Q

The High Road refers to?

A

Be sure

- Slower cortical pathway (more complex analysis)

36
Q

What are some non-verbal expressions of emotion?

A

Facial
Posture
Gestures

37
Q

What is a non-verbal leakage?

A

A powerful cue that we are trying to hide an emotion

38
Q

What are micro-expressions?

A

Brief (1/15-1/25 sec) expression which occur when trying to conceal and emotion (involuntary)

39
Q

What is Proxemics?

A

The study of personal space

- personal space correlates with emotional emotional distance

40
Q

What are the 4 levels of distance in proxemics? what are the appropriate distances?

A

Public: 12 feet or more
Social: 4-12
Personal: 1.5-4
Intimate:0-1.5

41
Q

What is the Broaden and Build Theory of happiness?

A

Happiness predisposes us to think more openly, allowing us to see the big picture
- optimists tend to be happier than pessimists

42
Q

People tend to be happier when? (5)

A 
In individualistic rather than collectivist cultures
In democracies 
With a reasonable income
With many close friends
with faith
43
Q

What is affective forecasting?

A

Making decisions about a life event and estimating how happy that choice will make us

44
Q

What is the durability bias?

A

Overestimating the long-term impact of events on our moods

45
Q

Our moods tend to adapt to what?

A

External circumstances

46
Q

What is self-esteem?

A

A person’s value of their worth

47
Q

Many pop psychologists cite low self-esteem as the cause of what?

A

All unhappiness and misery

PSY112 - Brain & Behaviour (11 decks)

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