Week 3 - Biological Psychology 2

Question 1

The Spinal Cord is comprised of what 3 Neurons?

Answer 1

Sensory
Motor
Interneurons

Question 2

What do Sensory Neurons do?
Are they input or output?
Where are they located?

Answer 2

Send messages to the brain from the body (eg temperature, pressure, pain)

They are input

Located in the dorsal spine

Question 3

What do Motor Neurons do?
Are they input or output?
Where are they located?

Answer 3

Send messages from the brain to the body (eg actions, changes in organ function)

They are output

Located in the ventral spine

Question 4

What do Interneurons do?

Answer 4

Connect sensory and motor neurons at the spinal level allowing for reflexive movement

Question 5

The Forebrain consists of?

Answer 5

Cerebral cortex and subcortical structures

Question 6

The Brainstem consists of?

Answer 6

Midbrain, pons and medulla

Question 7

What is the cerebellum known as?

Answer 7

The little brain

Question 8

What are Cerebral Ventricles?

Answer 8

Cavities within the brain and spinal cord that contain fluid that nourishes and protects CNS from trauma.

Question 9

What is the role of the Brain Stem?

Answer 9

Regulates bodily function

Connects brain and spinal cord

Question 10

What does the Pons do?

Answer 10

Connects cortex to cerebellum

Question 11

The Medulla controls (3)

Answer 11

respiration, heart rate and sleep/wake patterns

Question 12

The Midbrain is involved in (2)

Answer 12

Movement control, orienting to sensory stimuli

Question 13

The Reticular Activating System (RAS) controls (2)

Answer 13

consciousness and arousal

Question 14

What is the largest and most complex region of the brain?

Answer 14

The Forebrain

Question 15

The left and right hemispheres are connected by what? What does this allow?

Answer 15

The corpus callosum

It allows the two hemispheres to share information

Question 16

What are the 2 subcortical structures of the Forebrain?

Answer 16

The Limbic System and the Basal Ganglia

Question 17

What is the Limbic System and what is its role? (5)

Answer 17

Interconnected brain regions involved in emotional processing, basic drives, control of the ANS, learning, memory and smell

Question 18

The Limbic System is comprised of what (4) things?

Answer 18

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Hippocampus

Question 19

What does the Thalamus do?

Answer 19

Receives/transfers incoming sensory information to the cortex (relay station)

Question 20

What does the Hypothalamus do? (3)

Answer 20

Regulates autonomic nervous system and endocrine system (via pituitary gland)

• Basic drives (eg fighting, fleeing)
• Homeostasis (body temp, metabolism)

Question 21

What is the Amygdala involved in?

Answer 21

Learning, recognising and responding to emotion (particularly fear)

Question 22

What does the Hippocampus do?

Answer 22

Encode new long-term memories, spatial memory

Question 23

What is the role of the Basal Ganglia? (3)

Answer 23

Controlling of movement (initiating and inhibiting)
Initiating actions for reward
Some memory processes

Question 24

What is the cerebral cortex involved in?

Answer 24

Higher order processing (eg thought, speech, reasoning)

Question 25

Hills = | Valleys =

Answer 25

Gyri | Sulci

Question 26

What are Primary Areas of the CC associated with?

Answer 26

Receiving incoming sensory information (raw data) or send messages to the body to initiate movement

Question 27

What do the Associate Areas do?

Answer 27

Add cognitive element by forming perceptions, by applying meaning to incoming messages. Plans responses

Question 28

What are the 4 lobes of the Cerebral Cortex hemisphere?

Answer 28

Frontal Temporal Parietal Occipital

Question 29

3 areas of the Frontal Lobe

Answer 29

Prefrontal cortex Brocas area Motor cortex

Question 30

What does the Prefrontal cortex control? (3)

Answer 30

Executive function | - Personality, Mood

Question 31

What is the role of the executive function in regards to behaviour? (3)

Answer 31

Planning, guidance and evaluation of behaviour (ie decision making, self control)

Question 32

What is Broca's area involved in? Which hemisphere?

Answer 32

Speech PRODUCTION (typically left hemisphere)

Question 33

What is the Motor Cortex involved in? (2)

Answer 33

Programming and execution of movement

Question 34

What does Frontal Lobe Damage result in?

Answer 34

Executive function deficits eg inability to plan, loss in motivation, social inappropriateness PHINEAS GAGE CASE

Question 35

What does the Parietal Lobe do?

Answer 35

Vital role in touch sensory information processing. A region where the brain interprets input from other areas of the body. Visuospatial navigation and reasoning

Question 36

What does the somatosensory cortex do?

Answer 36

Registers touch sensations from body (temp, pressure, pain)

Question 37

The Parietal lobe is known as the ... visual pathway?

Answer 37

Where

Question 38

Parietal lobe damage results in? (3)

Answer 38

Left and right confusion, problems integrating sensory information, visuo-spatial problems

Question 39

The Temporal Lobe processes what? | And has long-term storage of what? (2)

Answer 39

``` Auditory information Autobiographical information (memory) and storage of objects ```

Question 40

What are the 2 cortex's of the Temporal lobe?

Answer 40

Primary Auditory Cortex | Auditory Association Cortex

Question 41

What does the Primary Auditory Cortex do?

Answer 41

Receives incoming sound, analyses according to frequency/tone

Question 42

What does the Auditory Association Cortex do?

Answer 42

Applies meaning to sound

Question 43

What is Wernicke's area associated with?

Answer 43

Language COMPREHENSION (typically L hem only)

Question 44

The Temporal Lobe is known as the .... visual pathway?

Answer 44

What visual pathway

Question 45

Temporal lobe damage results in (4)

Answer 45

Auditory problems, impaired language comprehension, poor memory, agnosia and prospagnosia

Question 46

What are the 2 Cortex's of the Occipital lobe?

Answer 46

Primary visual | Visual Association

Question 47

What does the Primary Visual Cortex receive?

Answer 47

Visual information from eyes via the optic nerve

Question 48

What does the Visual Association Cortex organise?

Answer 48

The features from the primary visual cortex into more complex maps of features (eg colour, motion) and their position in space - to form an image

Question 49

Occipital lobe damage would result in (3)

Answer 49

Cortical blindess, problems with vision, reading problems

Question 50

What is the Corpus Callosum?

Answer 50

Band of neurons that connects and transfers information between the left and right hemisphere

Question 51

All sensory input (except olfaction) is largely processed by what hemisphere?

Answer 51

The opposite

Question 52

The left hemisphere receives information from the right and controls what side of the body?

Answer 52

The right

Question 53

The left hemisphere is specialised for what?

Answer 53

Language

Question 54

What is a Corpus Callosotomy?

Answer 54

Surgical severance of the corpus callosum (split brain surgery)

Question 55

In split brain patients what connections and control are normal?

Answer 55

Sensory connections and motor control are normal

Question 56

What process cannot be done in split brain patients?

Answer 56

Sharing of info between the hemispheres

Question 57

Hemispheric lateralisation can be examined by using what technique?

Answer 57

Split-field

Question 58

Information in the right visual field can be described how?

Answer 58

Verbally

Question 59

Information in the left visual field can't be described ... but can be acted upon .....

Answer 59

Verbally, non-verbally eg point to object

Question 60

3 key things the left hemisphere controls

Answer 60

Speech comprehension/production Phonology Reading/writing

Question 61

3 key things the right hemisphere controls

Answer 61

simple speech/writing tone of voice face perception