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PSY112 - Brain & Behaviour > Week 3 - Biological Psychology 2 > Flashcards

Week 3 - Biological Psychology 2 Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

The Spinal Cord is comprised of what 3 Neurons?

A

Sensory
Motor
Interneurons

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2
Q

What do Sensory Neurons do?
Are they input or output?
Where are they located?

A

Send messages to the brain from the body (eg temperature, pressure, pain)

They are input

Located in the dorsal spine

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3
Q

What do Motor Neurons do?
Are they input or output?
Where are they located?

A

Send messages from the brain to the body (eg actions, changes in organ function)

They are output

Located in the ventral spine

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4
Q

What do Interneurons do?

A

Connect sensory and motor neurons at the spinal level allowing for reflexive movement

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5
Q

The Forebrain consists of?

A

Cerebral cortex and subcortical structures

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6
Q

The Brainstem consists of?

A

Midbrain, pons and medulla

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7
Q

What is the cerebellum known as?

A

The little brain

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8
Q

What are Cerebral Ventricles?

A

Cavities within the brain and spinal cord that contain fluid that nourishes and protects CNS from trauma.

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9
Q

What is the role of the Brain Stem?

A

Regulates bodily function

Connects brain and spinal cord

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10
Q

What does the Pons do?

A

Connects cortex to cerebellum

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11
Q

The Medulla controls (3)

A

respiration, heart rate and sleep/wake patterns

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12
Q

The Midbrain is involved in (2)

A

Movement control, orienting to sensory stimuli

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13
Q

The Reticular Activating System (RAS) controls (2)

A

consciousness and arousal

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14
Q

What is the largest and most complex region of the brain?

A

The Forebrain

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15
Q

The left and right hemispheres are connected by what? What does this allow?

A

The corpus callosum

It allows the two hemispheres to share information

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16
Q

What are the 2 subcortical structures of the Forebrain?

A

The Limbic System and the Basal Ganglia

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17
Q

What is the Limbic System and what is its role? (5)

A

Interconnected brain regions involved in emotional processing, basic drives, control of the ANS, learning, memory and smell

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18
Q

The Limbic System is comprised of what (4) things?

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Hippocampus

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19
Q

What does the Thalamus do?

A

Receives/transfers incoming sensory information to the cortex (relay station)

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20
Q

What does the Hypothalamus do? (3)

A

Regulates autonomic nervous system and endocrine system (via pituitary gland)

  • Basic drives (eg fighting, fleeing)
  • Homeostasis (body temp, metabolism)
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21
Q

What is the Amygdala involved in?

A

Learning, recognising and responding to emotion (particularly fear)

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22
Q

What does the Hippocampus do?

A

Encode new long-term memories, spatial memory

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23
Q

What is the role of the Basal Ganglia? (3)

A

Controlling of movement (initiating and inhibiting)
Initiating actions for reward
Some memory processes

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24
Q

What is the cerebral cortex involved in?

A

Higher order processing (eg thought, speech, reasoning)

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25
Q

Hills =

Valleys =

A

Gyri

Sulci

26
Q

What are Primary Areas of the CC associated with?

A

Receiving incoming sensory information (raw data) or send messages to the body to initiate movement

27
Q

What do the Associate Areas do?

A

Add cognitive element by forming perceptions, by applying meaning to incoming messages. Plans responses

28
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the Cerebral Cortex hemisphere?

A

Frontal
Temporal
Parietal
Occipital

29
Q

3 areas of the Frontal Lobe

A

Prefrontal cortex
Brocas area
Motor cortex

30
Q

What does the Prefrontal cortex control? (3)

A

Executive function

- Personality, Mood

31
Q

What is the role of the executive function in regards to behaviour? (3)

A

Planning, guidance and evaluation of behaviour (ie decision making, self control)

32
Q

What is Broca’s area involved in? Which hemisphere?

A

Speech PRODUCTION (typically left hemisphere)

33
Q

What is the Motor Cortex involved in? (2)

A

Programming and execution of movement

34
Q

What does Frontal Lobe Damage result in?

A

Executive function deficits eg inability to plan, loss in motivation, social inappropriateness
PHINEAS GAGE CASE

35
Q

What does the Parietal Lobe do?

A

Vital role in touch sensory information processing.

A region where the brain interprets input from other areas of the body.

Visuospatial navigation and reasoning

36
Q

What does the somatosensory cortex do?

A

Registers touch sensations from body (temp, pressure, pain)

37
Q

The Parietal lobe is known as the … visual pathway?

A

Where

38
Q

Parietal lobe damage results in? (3)

A

Left and right confusion, problems integrating sensory information, visuo-spatial problems

39
Q

The Temporal Lobe processes what?

And has long-term storage of what? (2)

A 
Auditory information
Autobiographical information (memory) and storage of objects
40
Q

What are the 2 cortex’s of the Temporal lobe?

A

Primary Auditory Cortex

Auditory Association Cortex

41
Q

What does the Primary Auditory Cortex do?

A

Receives incoming sound, analyses according to frequency/tone

42
Q

What does the Auditory Association Cortex do?

A

Applies meaning to sound

43
Q

What is Wernicke’s area associated with?

A

Language COMPREHENSION (typically L hem only)

44
Q

The Temporal Lobe is known as the …. visual pathway?

A

What visual pathway

45
Q

Temporal lobe damage results in (4)

A

Auditory problems, impaired language comprehension, poor memory, agnosia and prospagnosia

46
Q

What are the 2 Cortex’s of the Occipital lobe?

A

Primary visual

Visual Association

47
Q

What does the Primary Visual Cortex receive?

A

Visual information from eyes via the optic nerve

48
Q

What does the Visual Association Cortex organise?

A

The features from the primary visual cortex into more complex maps of features (eg colour, motion) and their position in space - to form an image

49
Q

Occipital lobe damage would result in (3)

A

Cortical blindess, problems with vision, reading problems

50
Q

What is the Corpus Callosum?

A

Band of neurons that connects and transfers information between the left and right hemisphere

51
Q

All sensory input (except olfaction) is largely processed by what hemisphere?

A

The opposite

52
Q

The left hemisphere receives information from the right and controls what side of the body?

A

The right

53
Q

The left hemisphere is specialised for what?

A

Language

54
Q

What is a Corpus Callosotomy?

A

Surgical severance of the corpus callosum (split brain surgery)

55
Q

In split brain patients what connections and control are normal?

A

Sensory connections and motor control are normal

56
Q

What process cannot be done in split brain patients?

A

Sharing of info between the hemispheres

57
Q

Hemispheric lateralisation can be examined by using what technique?

A

Split-field

58
Q

Information in the right visual field can be described how?

A

Verbally

59
Q

Information in the left visual field can’t be described … but can be acted upon …..

A

Verbally, non-verbally eg point to object

60
Q

3 key things the left hemisphere controls

A

Speech comprehension/production
Phonology
Reading/writing

61
Q

3 key things the right hemisphere controls

A

simple speech/writing
tone of voice
face perception

PSY112 - Brain & Behaviour (11 decks)

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