Week 8 (Athens & The Delian League) Flashcards
Events after the second Greco-Persian War, Athenian Empire, architecture, classical Greek art and society
The Delian League was founded in ___ BC, and it was a coalition of Greeks against ______.
477
Persia
The classical period was roughly from ___ BC - ___ BC. Why were these dates used?
479 - 323
The Battle of Platea
Death of Alexander the Great
The Delian League was led by the _________. Allies would supply _____ or _____. The treasury was located at _____.
Athenians
ships or money
Delos
_____ was the leading strategos
Cimon
In ___ BC, Eion is taken as _______ against the Persians
476
bastion
a cleruchy was a special ________ colony, in which people retained Athenian ___________, and treated as a formal extension of the __________ (mother city). An example is ______, founded in 475 BC.
Athenian
citizenship
metropolis
Skyros
Over the ___s BC, Athens gradually ___________, due to lacking ____________ from other Greek city-states, and worry of ______ threat.
460s
imperializes
contributions
Persian
______ and _____ both lose their navies to Athens
Naxos and Thasos
___________ is ostracized in 471 BC; he flees to Persia
Themistocles
In ___ BC, earthquake and helot revolt take place in ______. Cimon, pro-_______ and opposed to further democratization, is ostracized in favor of the “radical” ________ and imperialist _________.
462
Sparta
Spartan
democrat
Ephialtes
True or false: there was a trend toward wider citizen participation in government under Ephialtes
True
Reforms of Ephialtes
________ as leading politicians and they were elected.
The _______ __ ___ _________ (former archons chosen by lot) lose many duties to the assembly and _____
Many one-year __________ elected by lot
After Ephialtes’ assassination in ___ BC, ________ takes political leadership as strategos from 46o-429 BC
strategoi
Council of Areopagus
boule
committees
461
Pericles
The formalized expectation of elites to contribute to the community is known as _______. Fostered competition that promoted the city-state
liturgy
The Council of Areopagus’ legislative and judicial functions ________. Additionally, the common people who manned Athens’ ____ felt entitled to greater say in government.
decreased
navy
The ________ (assembly) composed of male Athenian citizens discussed and formulated law. They met at the ____.
ekklesia
Pnyx
Pericles’ ___________ law of ___ BC: both parents had to be Athenian
citizenship
451
The _______ were the juries of several hundred Athenian citizens chosen by lot. ________ introduces jury pay.
Helialia
Pericles
Megara switches sides to Athens.
_______ and Aegina invades Megara in ___ BC, triggering the “First” _____________ War (460-445 BC).
Corinth
459
Sparta invades _______ in 457 BC. However, Athens comes to control the region and democratic governments become the norm for now.
Boeotia
Athenian Egyptian expedition _____, and the Delian League treasury moves from Delos to the _________, marks the transition into the “Athenian Empire”
fails
Acropolis
After Cimon’s death in ___ BC, the Athenians sign a _____ ______ with Persia.
450
peace treaty
Athenian land empire _________ after revolt in Euboea, Megara reverts to the Peloponnesian League, and _______ becomes antidemocratic under Thebes. What follows is the peace of 445 BC, known as the ______ _____’ _____
collapses
Boeotia
Thirty Years’ Peace
As a result of the “First” Peloponnesian War, Athens built the “____ _____” to protect access to its harbor at Piraeus
Long Walls
True or false: Athenian foreign policy was active in the northern Aegean, Ionia, Sicily, and the lower Black Sea during the Thirty Years’ Peace.
True
Athenian Acropolis
C. 800-600 BC - first temple of ______ ______
C. 600-480 BC - Athena “the maiden” (1st _________)
Athena Polias
Parthenon
In ___ BC, the ________ destroy the Acropolis. The Athenian leave the destruction, called the ____ __ _______.
480
Persians
Oath of Plataea
C. 450 BC: reverse the Oath of Plataea and the Periclean Building Project commences. What four buildings were included?
1) Parthenon
2) Erechtheion
3) Propylaea
4) Temple of Athena Nike
Pheidias was the main ________ of the _________. Iktinos and Kallikrates were the __________.
sculptor
Parthenon
architects
The Parthenon served as the main ________ of Athens; It was a Doric temple with _____ features; deviate from strict linear features (columns ____ slightly inwards)
treasury
Ionic
lean
Inside the Parthenon was the Chryselephantine (____ and _____) statue of Athena, standing 12m tall
gold and ivory
The ____ pediment showcased the birth of ______ from the head of ____. The ____ pediment showcased a contest between ______ and ________.
East
Athena
Zeus
Athena
Poseidon
The Parthenon continuous frieze depicts the ___________ festival procession. Overall, the Parthenon was a ___________ of Athens through local tradition.
Panathenaic
celebration
The Erechtheion (421-416, 412-407 BC) was an _____ temple north of the Parthenon. Its name taken from the mythical Athenian king Erechtheus.
Ionic
Notable features of the Erechtheion include shrines of ______ ______, shrine to Boutes, tomb of the first Athenian king Kekrops (_______ man), sacred _____ tree of Athena, ________’s salt water spring, porch with _________ (statue of women that works like a column)
Athena Polias
serpent man
olive
Poseidon’s
caryatids
Features of classical Athenian agora include a Tholos for the _______, a central open space for commercial and socio-political gatherings, a _____ temple to Hephaestus and Athena.
prytany
Doric
a feature of classical Greek sculpture is the more ____________, and dynamic kouroi and korai statues. An example is the Euthydikos Kore (c.490-480 BC), found in the Athenian Acropolis. Notably, her clothing ____ her figure and the Archaic smile is ____.
naturalistic
hugs
gone
Early classical sculpture style is also referred to as ______ style. Example is the _______ Boy (c. 480 BC), found in the Athenian Acropolis. Notable is the lack of emotion, and the weight shift (no _____ ___).
severe
Kritios
stiff leg
Kouroi and korai were still ______ offerings, but rarely _____ _______ during classical Greece. Trend of civic dedications (ex. The Tyrannicides)
votive
grave markers
Polykleitos was a famous _______ at Argos. His contribution was the new canonical proportions (ex. __________, “spear bearer”). New contrapposto ____. Another example is the _____ Warriors A & B found from shipwreck in S. Italy
sculptor
Doryphoros
pose
Riace
Temple of Zeus at _______ (c. 470-456 BC) was an example of _____ architecture. There was a Chryselephantine statue of Zeus (c. 430 BC) by ________, same sculptor of the Parthenon.
Olympia
Doric
Pheidias
Red figure vase painting was developed in ______ late _th century BC, and used until the early _th century BC. Notable features are the more ____________ musculature, greater complexity in ___________, and wider variety of topics. (Ex. Kalyx Krater c. 460-450 BC)
Athens
6th
4th
naturalistic
composition
Ancient Greek polis economy was primarily __________ based. Many nested scales of trade (exchange manufactured goods for raw metals in Italy with the Etruscans)
agriculture
boom in construction and manufacturing: mix of ________ workers and free workers. Both could earn wages. Large number of resident foreigners (______) in Athens (couldn’t vote or hold office, could rent property).
enslaved
metics
women expected to ____ children, and manage the _________. Separate “women’s quarters” mentioned in elite houses, but __ archaeological evidence. elite women could still be involved in politics, as ___________. non-elite women were still involved in the _____ market.
bear
household
no
priestesses
labor
_______ developed as a scripted genre in ______, beginning late _th and throughout _th century. Composed of a group of singers and dancers (______) and up to four male actors. All lines were set to _____ and musical accompaniment.
Tragedy
6th
5th
chorus
meter
tragedies were played at multi-day public festivals dedicated to ________. 28 chosen elites (________) financed and organized the production (example of _______). Festival attendance open to all, but ____ citizens prioritized.
Dionysus
choregoi
liturgy
male
True or false: Especially to elite members of Athenian society, indoor craftwork was considered to be admirable.
false - it was considered shameful
True or false: In classical Athenian society, women did not have the right to divorce their husbands.
false
The East Pediment of the Temple of Zeus showcases ______ and the chariot race he competed against Oenomaus. The West Pediment showcases ______ center of a wedding, in which centaurs are fighting Lapiths.
Pelops
Apollo
Theater of Dionysos Eleutherios features
- Orchestra: performance space for the ______ (singers and dancers)
- Skene: stage building (in the back of the front)
- Paraskenia: side _______ areas
- Koilon/theatron: theatron is the seating area, Koilon were the semicircular stone seating area.
chorus
epikleros: signifier of a woman lacking ____ relatives, thus compelled to marry the nearest willing male relative to produce a son to keep the property within the family. The epikleros could not inherit property themselves, only transmit it.
male
