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DEN1DSB > WEEK 8 > Flashcards

WEEK 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Neurovascular bundles may be

A

superficial - lying in the subcutaneous layer
deep - lying in the muscle layers

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2
Q

Anastomoses may occur between veins in

A

superficial deep and neurovascular bundles

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3
Q

the head has both superficial and deep arterial/venous supply but only a

A

superficial lymphatic drainage system

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4
Q

what are some extracranial vessels?

A

common carotid artery, facial artery, lingual artery, external carotid artery, superficial temporal artery, maxillary artery and its branches

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5
Q

what are some intracranial vessels?

A

internal carotid artery and its branches, and vertebral artery

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6
Q

What is the origin of the external carotid artery

A

terminal branch of the common carotid artery

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7
Q

what is the level of origin of the external carotid artery?

A

the upper border of the thyroid cartilage

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8
Q

what is the termination of the external carotid artery?

A

divides into the superficial temporal and maxillary artery

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9
Q

what is the level of termination of the external carotid artery?

A

neck of the mandible

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10
Q

What makes up the neurovascular bundle of the neck

A

Internal Jugular vein, vagus nerve, and carotid arteries

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11
Q

What are the branches and levels of the external carotid artery?

A

superior thyroid artery below the level of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone
lingual artery at the level of the greater cornu
facial artery just above the greater cornu

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12
Q

What is the origin of the facial artery?

A

Branch of the external carotid artery

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13
Q

what is the level of origin of the facial artery?

A

above greater cornu of hyoid bone

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14
Q

what is the termination of the facial artery?

A

medial angle of the eye - continues as angular artery

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15
Q

What are the branches of the facial artery?

A

inferior labial, superior labial, lateral nasal

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16
Q

What is the origin of the maxillary artery?

A

Terminal branch of the external carotid artery

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17
Q

what is the level of origin of the maxillary artery?

A

posterior to the neck of the mandible

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18
Q

what is a major anatomical relationship of the maxillary artery?

A

inferior alveolar nerve

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19
Q

what are the branches of the maxillary artery?

A

inferior alveolar artery
middle meningeal artery
posterior superior alveolar artery
branches that supply muscles of mastication
buccal branch
greater and descending palatine arteries

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20
Q

Which arteries are in the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

descending to greater and lesser palatine
posterior alveolar

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21
Q

Which branches of the maxillary artery are in the infratemporal fossa?

A

buccal, middle meningeal, inferior alveolar

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22
Q

what is the origin of the superficial temporal artery?

A

its a terminal branch of the external carotid artery

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23
Q

what is the level of origin of the superficial temporal artery?

A

neck of the mandible

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24
Q

what is the area of supply of the superficial temporal artery?

A

anterior scalp

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25
Q

where does the internal carotid artery pass through

A

carotid canal

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26
Q

where does the internal carotid canal lie in the skull?

A

petrous part of temporal bone

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27
Q

what does the internal carotid canal anastomose with at the base of the brain?

A

vertebral artery

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28
Q

how does the vertebral artery enter the brain?

A

through the foramen magnum

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29
Q

where does the vertebral artery terminate?

A

at the basilar artery

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30
Q

what is the opthalmic artery a branch of?

A

internal carotid artery

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31
Q

how does the opthalmic artery leave the cranial cavity?

A

via optic canal

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32
Q

what does the opthalmic artery provide?

A

eye, extracranial branches to skin of forehead, scalp, and nasal cavity

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33
Q

what are the three types of facial anastomoses

A

right to left
superficial to deep
between branches of internal and external carotid arteries

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34
Q

what is an example of right to left anastomoses?

A

terminal branches of facial artery

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35
Q

what is an example of superficial to deep anastomoses?

A

facial branches to maxillary artery

36
Q

what is the functional implications of good blood supply?

A

bleeds a lot but heals well

37
Q

what makes a location good for feeling arterial pulses?

A

a thin layer of overlying skin against underlying bone or cartilage

38
Q

where is the common carotid artery palpated?

A

against thyroid cartilage

39
Q

where is the facial artery palpated?

A

body of mandible anterior to masseter muscle

40
Q

where is the superficial temporal artery palpated?

A

felt against the posterior end of the zygomatic arch

41
Q

what are the three layers of meninges?

A

duramater, arachnoid, pia mater

42
Q

what are the two layers of duramater in the cranial cavity

A

endosteal and meningeal

43
Q

which layer is highly vascular

A

pia mater

44
Q

which layer is made of dense irregular connective tissue?

A

the duramater

45
Q

where is cerebrospinal fluid produced?

A

choroid plexus in the ventricles of the brain

46
Q

where can you see the cerebrospinal fluid?

A

in the subarachnoid space, between arachnoid and pia mater

47
Q

what are the two cranial duramaters?

A

falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli

48
Q

what are the anterior and posterior attachments of the falx cerebri

A

Anterior = crista galli on ethmoid bone
Posterior = superior surface of tentorium

49
Q

what are the anterior/lateral and posterior attachments of the tentorium cerebelli?

A

Anterior/lateral = petrous part of temporal bone
Posterior = transverse sulcus of occipital bone

50
Q

what is the function of meninges?

A

protects brain from excessive movement in cranial cavity

51
Q

what is the difference between veins and dural venous sinuses?

A

veins have walls and dural venous sinuses are blood filled spaces between two layers of dura mater.

52
Q

what is the course and termination of the superior sagittal sinus?

A

runs along the superior border of the falx cerebri and drains into the confluence of sinuses, then into the right transverse sinus

53
Q

what is the course and termination of the inferior sagittal sinus?

A

runs along the inferior border of the falx cerebri and drains into the great cerebral vein to form the straight sinus where it continues into the left transverse sinus

54
Q

what is the course and termination of the transverse sinus?

A

runs along the transverse sulcus, posterior end is attached to the tentorium cerebelli. Has a right (superior sagittal) and left (straight sinus) which both drain into the sigmoid sinus

55
Q

what is the course and termination of the transverse sinus?

A

runs along the transverse sulcus, posterior end is attached to the tentorium cerebelli. Has a right (superior sagittal) and left (straight sinus) which both drain into the sigmoid sinus

56
Q

what is the course and termination of the sigmoid sinus?

A

continuation of transverse sinus located in the sigmoid sulcus and continues as internal jugular vein beyond the jugular foramen

57
Q

what is the location of the cavernous sinus and where does it terminate?

A

either side of the body of sphenoid and drains into the internal jugular vein or sigmoid sinus

58
Q

what is the clinical significance of the cavernous sinus?

A

closely located to the pituitary gland so if there is an infection or swelling it will affect the cranial nerves. opthalmic, oculomotor, abducens

59
Q

how is the retromandibular vein formed?

A

the superficial temporal joins with the maxillary vein

60
Q

what two divisions does the retromandibular vein divide into?

A

anterior and posterior

61
Q

what does the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein join with?

A

facial vein to form the common facial vein which drains into the IJV

62
Q

what does the posterior branch of the retromandibular vein join with?

A

the posterior auricular vein to form the external jugular vein

63
Q

where does the external jugular vein drain into?

A

subclavian vein

64
Q

the internal jugular vein joins with the subclavian vein to form the

A

branchiocephalic vein

65
Q

what are the venous anastomoses?

A

between superficial and deep veins or between veins and dural venous sinuses

66
Q

what are examples of superficial and deep vein anastomoses?

A

facial vein and maxillary vein via pterygoid venous plexus

67
Q

what are examples of anastomoses between veins and dural venous sinuses?

A

pterygoid venous plexus and cavernous sinus

68
Q

what are examples of anastomoses between veins and dural venous sinuses?

A

pterygoid venous plexus and cavernous sinus

69
Q

what is the clinical significance of these anastomoses?

A

sites for infections to travel intracranially

70
Q

why can intracranial infections be difficult to control?

A

there are no lymphatic drainages intracranially and no valves in the veins

71
Q

what are the superficial veins?

A

internal jugular, external jugular, retromandibular, lingual, facial

72
Q

what are the deep veins?

A

all the sinuses

73
Q

what is the diencephalon?

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

74
Q

what makes up the brainstem?

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

75
Q

whats the hindbrain?

A

pons, medulla, cerebellum

76
Q

which cranial nerves attach to the forebrain?

A

olfactory, optic

77
Q

which cranial nerves attach to the midbrain?

A

oculomotor and trochlear

78
Q

which cranial nerves attach to the pons?

A

trigeminal

79
Q

which cranial nerves attach to the junction of pons and medulla?

A

facial, vestibulochoclear, abducent

80
Q

which cranial nerves attach to the medulla?

A

glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal

81
Q

what 2 structures are seen between the sigmoid sulcus

A

endosteal layer of dura matter
meningeal layer of dura matter

82
Q

terminal branches of the common carotid artery

A

external and internal carotid artery
terminates at the upper boarder of thyroid cartilage

83
Q

4 mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

A
  1. auriculotemporal nerve
  2. buccal nerve
  3. inferior alveolar nerve
  4. lingual nerve
84
Q

3 ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve

A
  1. supratrochlear nerve
  2. supraorbital nerve
  3. external nasal nerve
85
Q

3 maxillary division of trigeminal nerve

A
  1. zygomaticofacial nerve
  2. zygomaticotemporal nerve
  3. infratemporal nerve

DEN1DSB (15 decks)

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