WEEK 1

Question 1

Sagittal plane

Answer 1

Divides body into R and L halves

Question 2

Coronal / Frontal plane

Answer 2

Divides body into anterior and posterior parts

Question 3

Transverse plane

Answer 3

Divided body into superior and inferior parts

Question 4

Anterior

Answer 4

Towards the front

Question 5

Posterior

Answer 5

Towards the back

Question 6

Superior

Answer 6

Above

Question 7

Inferior

Answer 7

Below

Question 8

Medial

Answer 8

Closer to the midline

Question 9

Lateral

Answer 9

Further from the midline

Question 10

Superficial

Answer 10

Closer to the skin

Question 11

Deep

Answer 11

Away from the skin

Question 12

Proximal

Answer 12

Closer to the origin of a part (often a limb)

Question 13

Distal

Answer 13

Further from the origin of a part (often a limb)

Question 14

Limb girdles

Answer 14

Attach limbs to axial skeleton

Question 15

Pelvic girdle

Answer 15

Attach lower limbs to the axial skeleton (involves 2 hip bones)

Question 16

Pectoral girdles

Answer 16

Attach upper limbs to axial skeleton (involves clavicle / scapula)

Question 17

Long bones

Answer 17

• longer than they are wide
• eg limbs / fingers

Question 18

Short bones

Answer 18

• roughly cubicle
• same width and length
• eg. Talus / scaphoid/ calcaneus

Question 19

Irregular bone

Answer 19

• no regular shape or characteristics
• eg. Vertebrae / pelvis

Question 20

Flat bone

Answer 20

• provide flat areas for muscle attachment
• sternum / ribs / cranium

Question 21

Sesamoid bone

Answer 21

• Small bones developed in tendons
• eg. Patella / pisiform

Question 22

Pneumatic bone

Answer 22

• needs to have a cavity in them
• frontal bone / ethmoid bone / maxillary bone / sphenoid bone

Question 23

3 boney landmarks

Answer 23

1. Articular surfaces
2. Protuberances / protrusions
3. Depressions

Question 24

Articular surfaces

Answer 24

• form joints
• eg. Head of mandible that forms the TMJ

Question 25

Protuberances / protrusions

Answer 25

• form attachment sites for muscles or ligament s
• elements of skeleton that sticks out
• eg. Coronoid process of mandible that receives the insertion a of the temporalis

Question 26

Depressions

Answer 26

• hole that allows structures (eg. Nerves) to pass through
• eg. Foramen magnum that transmits the spinal cord

Question 27

3 types Fibrous joint

Answer 27

• fibrous tissue between bone ends
• no movement

1. Suture
2. Gomphosis
3. Syndesmosis

Question 28

Fibrous joint - suture

Answer 28

• short fibres held together
• found in the skull

Question 29

Fibrous joint - gomphosis

Answer 29

• seen between teeth and maxilla or mandible

Question 30

Fibrous joint - syndesmosis

Answer 30

• joints held together by ligaments
• found between long bones

Question 31

Cartilaginous joint

Answer 31

• cartilage between bone ends
• Limited movement
• 2 types —> primary / secondary

Question 32

Primary cartilaginous joint

Answer 32

• bone joined by hyaline cartilage
• no movement
• eg . Between shaft ends of long bone (growth plate) and costal cartilage

Question 33

Secondary cartilaginous joint

Answer 33

• surrounded by hyaline cartilage and joined by fibrocartilage
• limited movement
• eg. Joint between vertebrae / pubic symphysis

Question 34

Synovial joint

Answer 34

• freely mobile
• surrounded by capsule
• 6 types —> ball and socket / plane or gliding / hinge / pivot / condyloid or ellipsoid / saddle

Question 35

What joint is seen between most cranial bones

Answer 35

Fibrous suture

Question 36

2 synovial joints in the skull

Answer 36

1. TMJ - modified hinge
2. Alantoocipital joint - ellipsoid or condyloid