Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

DEN1DSB > WEEK 12 > Flashcards

WEEK 12 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the pharynx?

A

a musculofascial cylinder that links the oral and nasal cavities in the head to the larynx and eosophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where does the pharynx extend from

A

base of the skull (sphenoid and occipital bones) to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage at the level of C6 vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the function of the muscle in the pharynx

A

contract to push bolus of food from pharynx to eosophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the function of fascia in the pharynx

A

gives the wall enough strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the subdivisions of the pharynx?

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the highest skeletal support of the larynx?

A

hyoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the anterior boundary of the nasopharynx?

A

its open, it communicates with the nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the roof and posterior boundaries of the nasopharynx

A

occipital and sphenoid bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the anterior communication of the nasopharynx?

A

communicates with nasal cavity through choanae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where else does the nasopharynx communicate? laterally

A

the middle ear cavity via auditory tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where is the pharyngeal tonsil?

A

along the posterior wall of nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the anterior boundary of the oropharynx?

A

posterior 1/3 of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the posterior boundary of the oropharynx?

A

vertebral canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the superior boundary of the oropharynx?

A

soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the anterior communication of the oropharynx?

A

oral cavity via fauces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the superior communication of the oropharynx?

A

nasopharynx through pharyngeal isthmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is a feature of the oropharynx

A

presence of palatine tonsil in its lateral wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where is the laryngopharynx located?

A

posterior to the larynx and extends from the superior border of the epiglottis to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage where it is continuous with the oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does the laryngopharynx communicate with?

A

larynx anteriorly through the laryngeal inlet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is a feature of the laryngopharynx?

A

the piriform recess is a small depression on either side of the laryngeal inlet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the laryngeal inlet?

A

communication between laryngopharynx and larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the airway path of the pharynx?

A

nasal cavity, through choanae to nasopharynx through pharyngeal isthmus to oropharynx to laryngopharynx through layringeal inlet to larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the food and fluid pathway through pharynx?

A

oral cavity through fauces to oropharynx to laryngopharynx to oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how does the pharynx communicate to the middle ear?

A

through auditory tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is speech a function of?
the pharynx
26
the ability of the pharynx to produce these functions is dependent on
- muscular walls - Tube of variable shape - Vavling to direct flow of contents velum, tongue, epiglottis - patency of openings to other spaces.
27
what openings do the flap vales of the pharynx regulate?
pharyngeal isthmus, fauces, laryngeal inlet
28
what are the flap valves of the pharynx?
tongue (fauces), soft palate (pharyngeal isthmus), epiglottis (laryngeal inlet)
29
how does the soft palate act as a flutter valve?
elevates to close the pharyngeal isthmus to seal off the nasopharynx from the oropharynx. depresses to close off the fauces
30
what are the three layers of the wall of the pharynx
mucosa, fibromuscular layer, fibrous layer
31
what are the fibromuscular layers
pharyngobasilar fascia and the constrictors
32
what is the fibrous layer made out of?
buccopharyngeal fascia (dense irregular tissue)
33
what are the 3 constrictor muscles?
superior constrictor, middle constrictor, inferior constrictor
34
what is pharyngobasilar fascia connected to?
pharynx and base of the skull
35
what is the gap between the constrictor muscles and the base of the skull filled with?
pharyngobasillar fascia
36
what are the constrictor muscles and pharyngobasillar muscles covered with?
buccopharyngeal fascia (outer most fibrous layer)
37
what does the superior constrictor surround?
nasopharynx
38
what does the middle constrictor surround?
oropharynx
39
what does the inferior constrictor surround?
laryngopharynx
40
what are the two parts of the inferior constrictor?
thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus
41
what is the action of the superior constrictor?
closes nasopharynx during swallowing
42
what is the action of the middle constrictor
closes pharynx during swallowing to push bolus
43
what is the action of the inferior constrictor
contracts when there is bolus to propel it
44
what is the action of the stylopharyngeus muscle?
pulls pharynx towards styloid process to elevate it
45
what is the action of the palatopharyngeus muscle?
moves soft palate and pharynx depending on what is fixed
46
what innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle?
glossopharyngeal
47
what innervates the palatopharyngeus muscle?
vagus nerve
48
what is the MOTOR innervation of ALL muscles in the pharynx except for stylopharyngeus?
pharyngeal plexus, carrying both sensory and motor fibres, because VAGUS is mainly motor and glossopharyngeal is mainly sensory
49
what is the sensory innervation of the pharynx
naso pharynx - maxillary oropharynx - glossopharyngeal laryngopharynx - vagus
50
what is the gag reflex?
involuntary reaction to clear the upper airway
51
what is the sensory input of the gag reflex?
stimulated by touching oropharynx (soft palate, fauces, posterior 1/3 of tongue) GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
52
what is the motor input of the gag reflex?
elevation of soft palate, retching (contraction of palatal and pharyngeal muscles) VAGUS
53
What are tonsils?
a collection of lymphoid tissue in the mucosa of the pharynx surrounding the openings of nasal and oral cavities
54
What are the 4 tonsils of Waldeyer's ring?
pharyngeal, lingual, palatine, tubal
55
what are adenoids?
enlarged pharyngeal tonsils
56
where are pharyngeal tonsils located?
roof and posterior wall of nasopharynx
57
Where are the lingual tonsils located?
posterior 1/3 of tongue
58
where are palatine tonsils located?
lateral wall of oropharynx
59
Where are the tubal tonsils located?
lateral walls of the nasopharynx
60
what is used as a guide to find the laryngoinlet?
vallecula
61
what is the posterior relationship of the larynx?
laryngopharynx and cervical vertebral column
62
what is the lateral relationship of the larynx?
neurovascular bundle (CCA, Vagus, IJV)
63
what is the superior relationship of the larynx?
hyoid bone
64
what is the inferior relationship of the larynx
trachea at C6 and Thyroid gland
65
explain how a larynx is a tube within a tube
inner lining is membranes and ligaments, outer skeletal tube is cartilaginous and fibrous membranes
66
what are the unpaired skeletal parts of the larynx?
epiglottis (elastic), thryoid (hyaline), cricoid (hyaline)
67
what are the paired parts of the skeletal tube of the larynx?
arytenoids, corniculate and cuneiform
68
where can you find arytenoids?
above the superior border of the cricoid cartilate posteriorly
69
where can you find corniculate and cuneiform
posteriorly
70
what is the adams apple?
thyroid prominence
71
what are the parts of the thyroid cartilage?
2 superior horns, 2 inferior horns, 2 laminas, and a prominence
72
what are the parts of the cricoid cartilage?
arch and lamina
73
what are the membranes of the outer skeletal tube?
thyroid membrane, cricothyroid membrane, cricotracheal membrane
74
what is the inner lining of the larynx?
epiglottis, laryngeal inlet, lingual flaps and glottis
75
what is the anterior boundary of the laryngeal inlet?
epiglottis
76
what is the lateral boundary of the laryngeal inlet?
aryepiglottic folds
77
what is the posterior boundary of the laryngeal inlet?
arytenoid cartilages
78
what is just above the glottis?
supraglottic cavity
79
what is just below the glottis?
infraglottic cavity
80
what is the supraglottic cavity lined with?
quadreangular membrane
81
what is the infraglottic cavity lined with?
conus elasticus
82
the lower part of the quadrangular membrane gets thickened to form
vestibular ligaments (False vocal cords)
83
the upper part of conus elasticus gets thickened to form
vocal ligaments (true vocal folds)
84
what is the space between true vocal folds called?
glottis
85
what does the epiglottis indicate?
level or laryngeal inle
86
what do the intrinsic muscles of the larynx do?
help with respiration and speech
87
what do the extrinsic muscles of the larynx do?
help with mastication
88
what is the sensory innervation of intrinsic muscles?
vagus, supraglottic cavity is internal laryngeal nerve and infraglottic cavity is recurrent laryngeal nerve
89
what is the motor innervation of the intrinsic muscles?
vagus
90
what innervates extrinsic muscles?
spinal nerves
91
what is the soft palate?
a moveable mass separating the oropharynx from the nasopharynx
92
what is the soft palate made out of?
muscle (no bone)
93
how is the soft palate a mobile articulator?
differentiates nasal from non-nasal sounds
94
what is the relationship of the soft palate to the nasal cavity?
it forms the floor of the nasal cavity
95
what is the relationship of the soft palate to the nasopharynx?
lies anteriorly
96
what is the relationship of the soft palate to the oral cavity?
forms posterior roof of oral cavity
97
what is the relationship of the soft palate to the oropharynx?
lies superiorly
98
what is velopharyngeal closure?
closure of pharyngeal wall. Raised and tensed soft palate comes in contact with it, formed by the superior fibres of superior constrictor
99
what is passavants ridge?
soft tissue prominence on the posterior pharyngeal wall, along the superior constrictor muscle
100
Functions of velopharyngeal closure
1. Keeps food and fluid out of airway 2. Directs orally inspired air onto OP (gasping/yawning) 3. Directs expired air through oral cavity (coughing/ blowing / most speech sounds)
101
Sensory innervation of the oral surface of the soft palate
Glossopharyngeal nerve
102
Sensory innervation of the most pharyngeal surface of the soft palate
Maxillary division of trigeminal
103
Motor innervation of the soft palate
Pharyngeal plexus Mandibular division of trigeminal
104
4 stages of swallowing
1. Oral preparatory stage (mastication) 2. Oral stage (propulsion of bolus) 3. Pharyngeal stage (pharyngeal swallow) 4. Oesophageal stage
105
4 stages of swallowing
1. Oral preparatory stage (mastication) 2. Oral stage (propulsion of bolus) 3. Pharyngeal stage (pharyngeal swallow) 4. Oesophageal stage
106
Oral preparatory stage
Food id prepared for swallowing - lips are sealed shut after introduction of food - tounge moves food around, mixes it with saliva - soft palate is depressed - oropharyngeal isthmus/ faces are closed
107
Oral stage
- elevation of anterior tongue - food reaches the faucial pillars that triggers the next phase (pharyngeal)
108
Pharyngeal stage
- elevation of soft palate (velopharyngeal closure) - epiglottis depends to cover the laryngeal inlet - cricipharyngeus relaxes
109
Oesophageal stage
Purely reflexive and not under voluntary control

DEN1DSB (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions