WEEK 2 Flashcards
Structure passing through (traversing) the OLFACTORY FORAMEN
Olfactory nerves (CN1)
Structure passing through (traversing) the OPTIC CANAL
Optic nerve (CN2)
Structure passing through (traversing) the SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE
Ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve
Aducens
Trochlear
Occulomoutor
Structure passing through (traversing) the PTERYGOMAXILLARY FISSURE
Terminal part of maxillary artery
Structure passing through (traversing) the INFERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE
Zygomatic branch of V2
Structure passing through (traversing) the FORAMEN ROTUNDUM
Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
Structure passing through (traversing) the FORAMEN OVALE
Mandibular division of the trigeminal
Structure passing through (traversing) the FORAMEN SPINOSUM
Middle meningeal artery
Structure passing through (traversing) the JUGULAR FORAMEN
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Accessory nerve
Vagus nerve
Internal jugular vein
Structure passing through (traversing) the FORAMEN MAGNUM
Spinal cord
Vertebral arteries
Structure passing through (traversing) the HYPOGLOSSAL CANAL
Hypoglossal nerve
Structure passing through (traversing) the STYLOMASTOID FORAMEN
Facial nerve
Structure passing through (traversing) the CAROTID CANAL
Internal carotid artery
Oculi
Eye
Oris
Mouth
Anguli
Angle (of the mouth)
Labii
Lip
Labii superiorus
Upper lip
Labii inferiorus
Lower lip
Levator
Elevates
Depressor
Depresses
Orbiclaris
Circular —> acts as a sphincter
4 orientation of fibres
- Circular
- Oblique
- Transverse
- Vertical
All muscles of facial expression are innervated by the ____ nerve
Facial nerve
A muscle innervated by the temporal branch of the facial nerve would be _____
Frontalis
Muscles innervated by the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve would be ___
Orbicularis oculi
Zygomaticus major
Zygomaticus minor
Muscles innervated by the buccaneers branches of the facial nerve would be ____
Buccinator
Levator anguli oris
Orrbiclaris oris
Muscles inverted by the the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve would be ____
Orbicularis oris
Depressor labii inferior
Depressor anguli oris
The only muscle innervated by the cerviacl branch of the facial nerve is ____
Platysma
What leads to changes in facial expression
Muscles of facial expression are inserted into the skin causing localised movements of the overlaying skin
Characteristics of muscular tissue
- Highly cellular
- many muscle cells will come together to form one large functional unit - Vascularised
- has a very rich blood supply - Contractile
- can contract to cause movement
Identifying features of smooth muscle + example
- spindle shaped
- no striations
- nuclei in the middle
- one colour
- No gaps due to overlaying fibres
- eg. Blood vessels / oesophagus
Identifying features of skeletal muscle + example
- flattened nucleus towards periphery of the cell (seen along the cell membrane)
- striations
- eg. Bicep / quadriceps
Identifying features of cardiac muscle + example
- striated
- round nucleus
- Intercalated discs
- eg. Heart/ terminal part of pulmonary vein
Identifying features of cardiac muscle
- striated
- round nucleus
- Intercalated discs
What are intercalated discs
Specialised gap junctions at the point of branching
Function of intercalated discs
Provide points of anchorage for myofibrils and help with the rapid spread of stimuli form one cell to another
action + innervation of orbicularis oris
action –> acts as a sphincter for oral orifices closing mouth and lips
innervation –> buccal and marginal mandibular branches
action + innervation of orbicularis oculi
action –> acts as a sphincter for the eyes, closing the eyelid
innervation –> temporal and zygomatic branch
levator labii superioris
- insertion
- action
- innervation
insertion –> upper lip
action –> elevates upper lip
innervation –> zygomatic and buccal branch
depressor labii inferioris
- insertion
- action
- innervation
insertion –> lower lip
action –> depresses lower lip
innervation –> marginal mandibular branch
zygomaticus major
- origin
- insertion
- action
- innervation
origin –> zygomatic bone
insertion –> angle of the mouth
action –> elevates angle of the mouth
innervation –> buccal + zygomatic branch
zygomaticus minor
- origin
- insertion
- action
- innervation
origin –> zygomatic bone
insertion –> upper lip
action –> elevates upper lip
innervation –> buccal + zygomatic branch
levator anguli oris
- insertion
- action
- innervation
insertion –> obicularis oris + angle of the mouth
action –> elevates angle of the mouth
innervation –> buccal + zygomatic branch
depressor anguli oris
- insertion
- action
- innervation
insertion –> obicularis oris
action –> depresses angle of the
mouth
innervation –> marginal mandibular branch
buccinator
- origin
- insertion
- action
- innervation
origin –> ptergoid mandibular raphae
insertion –> orbicularis oris + upper and lower lip
action –> compresses the cheeks, preventing food from accumulating in the vestibule of the mouth
innervation –> buccal branch
action + innervation of occipitofrontalis
Action
- occipitalis –> tightens the scalp
- frontalis –> wrinkles the forehead and raises the eyebrows
Innervation
- occipitalis –> posterior auricular nerve
- frontalis –> temporal branch
platysma
- origin
- insertion
- action
- innervation
origin –> Pectoral fascia/Fascia over pectoralis major/Fascia over deltoid
insertion –> Inferior border of mandible/ skin of lower face/ merges with orbicularis oris through the risorius
action –> Tenses skin of the anterolateral neck
innervation–> cervical branch
