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DEN1DSB > WEEK 7 - ALVEOLAR BONE AND PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT > Flashcards

WEEK 7 - ALVEOLAR BONE AND PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT Flashcards

1
Q

what is the alveolar bone?

A

the bone of the jaws containing the sockets

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2
Q

what does the alveolar bones presence depend on?

A

teeth

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3
Q

what is the remaining bony part of the mandible and maxillae called?

A

basal bone

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4
Q

what are the three layers of alveolar bone?

A

compact, cancellous, labial and lingual cortical plates

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5
Q

what is the interdental septum?

A

alveolar bone found between two teeth

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6
Q

what is the inter-radicular septum?

A

alveolar bone between the roots of a multi-rooted tooth

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7
Q

what is the significance of the inter-dental septum and the inter-radicular septum?

A

they contain the nutrients canals which carries blood vessels and nerves

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8
Q

in anterior teeth, the lingual plate is __________ than the labial plate

A

thicker

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9
Q

in lower posterior teeth, the lingual plate is _________ than the buccal plate

A

thinner

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10
Q

in upper posterior teeth, the lingual plate is _________ than the buccal plate

A

thicker

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11
Q

why is the alveolar bone sometimes called the bundle bone?

A

the bundles of the principal fibres of the periodontal ligament are embedded

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12
Q

how does the alveolar bone appear radiographically?

A

radioopaque

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13
Q

what is the clincal consideration of cortical plates?

A

the thickness determines the direction of the initial movement during extraction

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14
Q

each tooth is attached to and separated by the adjacent alveolar bone by a heavy collagenous supporting structure called the

A

periodontal ligament

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15
Q

what is the PDL composed of?

A

a complex vascular and highly cellular connective tissue. Collagen fibres

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16
Q

what are the functions of the PDL?

A

maintains tooth position
resists occlusal loading
maintains and repairs alveolar bone and cementum

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17
Q

how does the PDL repair?

A

it contains stem cells

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18
Q

the periodontal ligament is formed by a variety of cells. The types of cells are

A

synthetic, resorptive, progenitor, defensive, epithelial

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19
Q

what are the types of synthetic cells that make up the PDL

A

fibroblasts, osteoblats, cementoblasts

20
Q

what are the types of resorptive cells that make up the PDL

A

osteoclasts, cementoclasts

21
Q

what type of progenitor cell makes up the PDL

A

undifferentiated mesenchymal

22
Q

what types of defensive cells make up the PDL

A

macrophages, lymphocytes, and mast cells

23
Q

what types of epithelial cells make up the PDL

A

epithelial rests of mallasez

24
Q

what intercellular substances make up the PDL

A

fibres, ground substance, blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics

25
Q

the fibres in the periodontal ligament are mostly ______ and they are divided into

A

collagen. principal, accessory, oxytalan

26
Q

the most important element of the PDL are the

A

principal fibres

27
Q

the terminal portions of the principal fibres that are incerted into cementum and bone are

A

sharpey fibres

28
Q

based on their location and orientation, the principal fibres are grouped into

A

gingival, interdental, and alveodental

29
Q

principal gingival fibers form a

A

rigid cuff around the tooth

30
Q

principal interdental fibres connect

A

two adjacent teeth running from the cementum of one tooth to the cementum of the next

31
Q

what are the types of principal fibres?

A

alveodental ligament, accessory, and oxytalan fibres

32
Q

what are the types of principal alveodental ligament fibres

A

alveolar crest group, horizontal group, oblique fibres, apical fibres, interradicular fibres

33
Q

what is the alveolar crest group?

A

radiates from the crest of the alveolar process to the cervical part of the cementum

34
Q

what is the horizontal group?

A

run from the cementum in a perpendicular direction to attach to bone

35
Q

what is the oblique fibres?

A

most predominant group

36
Q

what is apical fibres?

A

cementum to bone in apical regions

37
Q

what are interradicular fibres?

A

radiate from cementum to bone in furcation regions

38
Q

what are transeptal fibres?

A

gingival and periodontal fibres that go from one cementum to the next with no attachment to bone.

39
Q

what are accessory principal fibres?

A

collagenous fibres that run from bone to ceentum in different planes, found in the region of horizontal group

40
Q

what are oxytalan principal fibres?

A

immature elastic fibres. one is embedden in bone or cementum and the other in the wall of a blood vessel to support them during mastication

41
Q

where is the arterial supply of the periodontal ligament derived from?

A

gingival, intra-alveolar, and apical vessels

42
Q

where does the nerve supply of periodontal ligament come from?

A

inferior or superior dental nerves

43
Q

what happens to the PDL with age?

A

a decrease in vascularity, cellularity, and thickness. they can also form cementicles

44
Q

what are the clinical considerations of the PDL regarding tooth avulsion

A

a tooth that is replaced within half an hour after can be re-implanted due to regeneration and revascularization of the PDL

45
Q

what are the clinical considerations of the PDL regarding implants

A

implants lack periodontal fibres so they may fail under excessive load.

DEN1DSB (15 decks)

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