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DEN1DSB > WEEK 7 - CEMENTUM > Flashcards

WEEK 7 - CEMENTUM Flashcards

1
Q

What are the hard tissues in the periodontium?

A

Cementum and alveolar bonevv

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2
Q

What are the soft tissues in the periodontum?

A

periodontal ligament and gingiva

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3
Q

what is the cementum?

A

attaches teeth to the alveolar process by anchoring the periodontal ligament

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4
Q

Is cementum calcified?

A

yes

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5
Q

what does the cementum protect?

A

open dentinal tubules within root dentin

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6
Q

where is cementum the thickest?

A

apex

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7
Q

Because of its mineral level cementum appears more _____ than enamel or dentin

A

radiolucent

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8
Q

Because of its mineral level cementum appears more _____ than pulp

A

radiopaque

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9
Q

where is the cementum permeable?

A

dentin and periodontal ligament sides

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10
Q

what is the chemical composition of cementum?

A

50% inorganic and 50% organic

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11
Q

what are some of the organic components of cementum?

A

collagen, glycoproteins, proteoglycans

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12
Q

cementum contains the greatest amount of what in all mineralized tissues?

A

fluoride

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13
Q

what are the 3 functions of cementum?

A

anchorage, adaptation, repair

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14
Q

what allows for anchorage of the tooth within the osseous socket?

A

sharpey fibres

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15
Q

what is adaptation of cementum?

A

cellular cementum compensates for tooth wear that causes tooth eruption to facilitate contact with opposing tooth

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16
Q

how is repair achieved by the cementum?

A

cellular cementum

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17
Q

what is the first step of cementogenesis?

A

production of predentine by odontoblasts leads to the breakdown of HERS (Hertwig epithelial root sheath)

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18
Q

what is the second step of cementogenesis?

A

mesenchymal cells of dental sac differentiate into cementoblasts which deposit collagen fibrils, leading to pre cementum formation

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19
Q

describe the incremental growth of cementum

A

as one layer of pre cementum is formed, the old one calcifies and becomes cementum

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20
Q

what type of cementum is the first one formed?

A

acellular cementum

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21
Q

what does the acellular cementum cover?

A

entire root but mostly the cervical third of the root

22
Q

acellular cementum is also referred to as primary cementum because…

A

it consists of the first layers of cementum deposited at the dentinocemental junction

23
Q

how thick is the cementum?

A

20-50 microns

24
Q

what makes up the acellular cementum?

A

sharpeys fibres

25
Q

why is the cellular cementum considered the secondary cementum

A

it consists of the last layers of cementum

26
Q

what part of the root does the cellular cementum cover?

A

mostly the apical third

27
Q

how thick is cellular cementum?

A

150-200 microns

28
Q

which is more permeable cellular or acellular cementum?

A

cellular cementum

29
Q

which is formed faster, acellular or cellular cementum?

A

cellular

30
Q

cellular cementum consists of

A

cementocytes

31
Q

what are cementocytes enclosed with and what do they look like?

A

lacunae, processes in canaliculi directed toward the tooth surface

32
Q

which type of cementum can widen over time?

A

cellular

33
Q

what is intermediate cementum?

A

first cementum deposited on the roots surface formed by the inner epithelial root sheath cells

34
Q

where is the intermediate cementum situated?

A

between the granular dentin layer of tomes and the secondary cementum

35
Q

What is acellular afibrillar cementum?

A

coronal cementum with no cells or fibres

36
Q

what is acellular extrinsic-fiber cementum?

A

covers cervical third to half of roots surface with no cells and contains sharpey fibres

37
Q

what is cellular intrinsic-fiber cementum?

A

fills resorption lacunae, contains cells but no fibers

38
Q

what is cellular mixed stratified cementum?

A

covers apical portions of roots surface and contains cells, intrinsic fibres and sharpey fibres

39
Q

what are incremental lines of salter

A

unevely spaced incremental lines formed by the formation of cementum

40
Q

how do incremental lines of salter differ in acellular cementum?

A

closer together, thinner, and even

41
Q

what are incremental lines of salter made out of?

A

hypermineralized areas with less collagen and more ground substance.

42
Q

what are the three types of interfaces on the cemento-enamel junction

A

overlap, meet and gap

43
Q

what percent of the CEJ overlaps the enamel?

A

60%

44
Q

what percent of the CEJ meets end to end with enamel?

A

30%

45
Q

what percent of the CEJ forms a gap, leaving exposed dentin?

A

10%

46
Q

how does the cementum change with age?

A

it becomes more irregular, and cementum resorption occurs.

47
Q

what is cementum resorption?

A

the progressive loss of cementum and dentine by odontoclasts

48
Q

cementum resorption has periods of repair. the deposition of new cementum forms a

A

reversal line

49
Q

what are cementicles?

A

Mineralized spherical bodies of cementum found either attached to the cemental root surface or lying free in the PDL

50
Q

what is the origin of cementicles?

A

epithelial cells, occur during ageing or trauma

51
Q

What is hypercementosis?

A

excessive production of cellular cementum

52
Q

what are the clinical considerations of hypercementosis?

A

difficult extraction

DEN1DSB (10 decks)

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