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DEN1DSB > WEEK 5 > Flashcards

WEEK 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is odontogenesis?

A

tooth development

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2
Q

When does odontogenesis begin?

A

6-7th week of prenatal development

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3
Q

3 stages of prenatal development + times

A
  1. pre-implantation period (first week)
  2. embryonic period ( 2nd - 8th week )
  3. foetal period ( 9th week - birth)
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4
Q

pre implantation period

A
  • fertilisation occurs creating zygote
  • day 3 - 4 = morula
  • day 5 = blastocyst
  • day 5 - 6 = Implantation occurs
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5
Q

embryonic period

A
  • cells proliferate, differentiate and intergrate
  • end of 8th week = embryo becomes foetus
  • form germ layers –> ectoderm/ mesoderm/ endoderm
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6
Q

ectoderm germ layer gives rise to

A

enamel

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7
Q

mesoderm germ layer gives rise to

A

dentin, pulp, cementum, periodontal ligament

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8
Q

endoderm germ layer gives rise to

A

GI tract epithelium and associated glands

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9
Q

foetal stage

A
  • growth + maturation
  • distinguishable ears, arms, hands, legs, feet, foot and fingerprints
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10
Q

first brachial (mandibular) arch

A

cranial nerve - trigeminal
cartilage - meckels cartilage
muscles - muscles of mastication/ mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric/ tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini
skeletal structures - malleus/incus
ligaments - sphenomandibular ligament

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11
Q

second brachial (hyoid) arch

A

cranial nerve - facial
cartilage - Reichert cartilagee
muscles - muscles of facial expression/ stapedius/ stylohyoid/ posterior belly of digastric
skeletal structures - stapes/ styloid process/ upper part of body and lesser cornu of hyoid bone
ligaments - stylohyoid ligament

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12
Q

third brachial arch

A

cranial nerve - glossopharyngeal
muscles - stylopharyngeusus
skeletal structures - lower part of body and greater cornu of hyoid bone/ superior cornu of thyroid cartilage

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13
Q

fourth and sixth branchial arches

A

cranial nerve - superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus
muscles - cricothyroid/ levator veli palatini/ constrictors of pharynx/ intrinsic muscles of the larynx/ striated muscles of the oesophagus
skeletal structures - thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform cartilage/ body of hyoid bone
ligaments -

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14
Q

fifth branchial arch

A

degenerates and becomes unrecognisable

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15
Q

formation of the face is established by

A
  1. frontonasal prominence overlying the forebrain
  2. 2 maxillary prominences
  3. 2 mandibular promences
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16
Q

formation of the face occours during

A

4th and 10th week

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17
Q

formation of the face
end of 4th week

A

5 facial swellings/ prominences form

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18
Q

formation of the face
week 5

A

pair of ectodermal lining thickenings called nasal/ olfactory placodes form and enlarge

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19
Q

formation of the face
week 6

A

nasal pit froms which divides nasal prominance into medial and lateral processes

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20
Q

formation of the face
week 7

A

medial nasal processes fuse at midline forming intermaxillary process
gives rise to philtrum and primary palate

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21
Q

formation of the palate occurs during

A

week 5 - 10

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22
Q

formation of the palate is derived from

A

unpaired median palatine process
pair of lateral palatine process

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23
Q

formation of secondary palate

A
  • occurs between 7th-8th week
  • lateral palatine process fuse to form secondary palate
  • separated by palatine raphe
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24
Q

formation of the tounge

A

3 mesenchymal swellings form anterior 2/3 of tongue
1. 2 lateral lingual swellings
2. 1 medial lingual swelling

posterior part of tongue arises from hypobranchial eminence

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25
Q

formation of the mandible steps

A
  1. mandibular process fuse in midline to form arch
  2. mandible bone forms mesenchymal tissue –> cartilage starts to disappear
  3. bone forms a trough (mandibular canal) which contains inferior alveolar nerve
  4. bone above trough forms compartments/ alveoli for teeth
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26
Q

formation of maxilla

A

no cartilage exists
intramembranous ossification –> converts mesenchymal tissue to bone

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27
Q

What are the two types of odontogenesis cells

A

oral ectodermal and ectomesenchymal

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28
Q

What do oral ectodermal cells form?

A

enamel organ

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29
Q

What do ectomesenchymal cells form?

A

dental papilla

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30
Q

tooth germ

A

enamel organ / dental papilae/ dental sac

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31
Q

What is the stomatodeum?

A

primitive oral cavity

32
Q

What happens to the stomatodeum at the 6th week of development?

A

it is lined by ectoderm which gives rise to the oral epithelial

33
Q

What is deep to the oral epithelium in stomatodeums?

A

ectomesenchyme

34
Q

What do neural crest cells give rise to?

A

nervous system

35
Q

Where is embryonic connective tissue derived from?

A

mesoderm

36
Q

In dental context, the proper migration of neural crest cells is essential for developing what?

A

the craniofacial skeleton and teeth

37
Q

How is the dental lamina formed in utero?

A

during the 7th week, the oral epithelium grows deeper penetrating the ectomesenchyme

38
Q

What are the three stages of tooth development?

A

bud, cap, bell

39
Q

When does the bud stage occur?

A

8th week

40
Q

What surrounds the bud stage

A

ectomesenchymal condensation

41
Q

When does the cap stage occur?

A

9th to 10th week

42
Q

What happens during the cap stage?

A

Proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis.

43
Q

What are the different levels of differentiation during the cap stage?

A

inner and outer enamel epithelium, enamel knot, dental papilla, and dental sac

44
Q

What is inner enamel epithelium

A

lined by columnar cells

45
Q

What is outer enamel epithelium

A

single layer of cuboidal cells

46
Q

What is enamel knot and cord

A

rounded cells that connect inner enamel and outer enamel. may give rise to stratum intermedium

47
Q

For the component enamel organ, what is the histological feature?

A

formation of tooth bud in cap shape with deep central depression

48
Q

For the component enamel organ, what is the future dental tissue it forms

A

enamel

49
Q

What is the histological feature of the dental papilla?

A

ectomesenchyme within concavity of enamel organ

50
Q

What does the dental papilla form?

A

dentin and pulp

51
Q

What is the histological feature of the dental sac

A

mass of ectomesenchyme surrounding enamel organ

52
Q

what does the dental sac form?

A

cementum, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone

53
Q

what new cells are found within the enamel organ during the early bell stage

A

outer enamel epithelium
stellate reticulum
stratum intermediate
inner enamel epithelium

54
Q

What is the histological feature of outer enamel epithelium?

A

outer cuboidal cells of enamel organ

55
Q

What is the role of the outer enamel epithelium in tooth formation?

A

protective barrier for enamel

56
Q

What is the histological feature of the stellate reticulum?

A

network of star shaped cells

57
Q

what is the function of the stellate reticulum in tooth formation?

A

supports production of enamel matrix

58
Q

What is the histological feature of the stratum intermedium?

A

Inner compressed layer of flat to cuboidal cells

59
Q

What is the function of the stratum intermediate in tooth development?

A

supports production of enamel matrix

60
Q

what is the histological feature of inner enamel epithelium?

A

innermost tall columnar cells of enamel organ

61
Q

What is the role of inner enamel epithelium in tooth development?

A

differentiates into ameloblasts that form enamel matrix

62
Q

What are the histological features of outer cells of dental papilla?

A

basement membrane is between outer layer and inner layer epithelium

63
Q

What is the difference between the early and late bell stages

A

deposition of the first layer of dentin

64
Q

What happens to the outermost cells of the dental papilla during the late stage?

A

they differentiate into odontoblasts which produce the dentin of the teeth

65
Q

When does dentine production start?

A

the third month in utero when the odontoblasts begin to secrete the non-mineralized matrix called predentine

66
Q

What are the remains of dental lamina called?

A

epithelial rests of serves

67
Q

The preamoblasts are formed during dentinogensis and differentiate into

A

ameloblasts and begins amelogenesis

68
Q

When does root formation occur?

A

after the crown has formed

69
Q

what is the structure responsible for the formation of the root

A

cervical loop

70
Q

What makes up the cervical loop

A

a bilayer rim consisting of inner and outer enamel epithelium

71
Q

a bilayer rim consisting of inner and outer enamel epithelium

A

Hertwig Epithelial root sheeth

72
Q

What determines if a root is going to be straight or curved?

A

Hertwig Epithelial root sheeth

73
Q

How does root dentin form?

A

outer cells of the papilla undergo differentiation to become odontoblasts

74
Q

What is cementogenesis?

A

occurs when HERS disentegrates and the cementum grows

75
Q

What forms an enamel pearl?

A

late degeneration of ERSH leads to the formation of enamel on the root

76
Q

What causes dilaceration?

A

trauma to the tooth germ during root development

77
Q

root completion occours _____ after eruption

A

2-3 yrs

DEN1DSB (15 decks)

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