week 8

Question 1

2017 lancet report mentioned 9 potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia: name the first 5

Answer 1

less education, hypertension, hearing impairment, smoking, and obiesisty

Question 2

what are the four others?

Answer 2

physical inactivity, diabetes, depression, and low social contact

Question 3

Education and dementia:

Answer 3

Higher Childhood education levels and lifelong educational attainment and lower dementia risk

Question 4

What is hypertension, and what is its effect on dementia

Answer 4

hypertension is elevated blood pressure
Persistent midlife hypertension is associated with increased risk of a late life dementia.

Question 5

Hearing impairment and dementia: A 25-year prospective study of 3777 people aged 65 years or older found

Answer 5

increased dementia incidence in those with self-reported hearing problems except those using hearing aids

Question 6

Hearing loss is the

Answer 6

The number one predictor of dementia

Question 7

Smoking and dementia: stopping smoking for more than 4 years

Answer 7

substantially reduced dementia risk

Question 8

Obesisty and dementia:

Answer 8

Research shows that increased BMI and dementia are linked.

Question 9

Obesity but not being overweight was associated with

Answer 9

late life dementia

Question 10

physical inactivity and dementia: at least weekly midlife moderate to vigorous exercise was associated with

Answer 10

reduced risk of dementia over a 25 year follow up period

Question 11

Diabeties as a risk factor for dementia

Answer 11

the risk for dementia increases with the severity of diabetes

Question 12

diabetes medication:

Answer 12

research has shown that it can be a risk or a protective facto. data is inconclusive

Question 13

Depression and dementia incidence:

Answer 13

psychological distress predicted dementia 25 years later

Question 14

depression and dementia: corralation

Answer 14

it may be the case that early dementia could be the cause of depression, not the other way around

Question 15

Social contact and dementia:

Answer 15

it is a protective factor against dementia. It enhances cognitive reserve or encourages beneficial behaviours

Question 16

The 2020 study added three more modifiable factors that may cause dementia:

Answer 16

excessive alcohol, traumatic brain injury, and air pollution

Question 17

Excessive alcohol consumption and dementia: heavy drinking is associated with (3) things

Answer 17

cognitive impairment, brain changes and dementia

Question 18

Alcohol use disorder in men and women and dementia

Answer 18

greatly associated with increased dementia risk

Question 19

traumatic brain injury and dementia: what is TBI

Answer 19

concussions or skull fracture, brain bleeds

Question 20

Dementia risk was highest when after TBI?

Answer 20

6 months after

Question 21

Air pollution and dementia: air pollutants are associated with

Answer 21

neurodegenerative processes. No2, concentration and woof burning are all associated with higher risk dementia

Question 22

What are the 4 types of dementia and their prevalence?

Answer 22

alzihmers disease_ 60-70%
frontotemporal dementia- 10%
Lewy body dementia-5%
vascular dementia-10-20%

Question 23

Interventions once a diagnosis has been made: (3)

Answer 23

medications, cognitive training, exercise and physical activity