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Age and cognition > week 7 > Flashcards

week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Cognition refers to

A

mental processes used to navigate through life

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2
Q

Which cognitive abilities remain stable over time

A

vocabularly

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3
Q

which cognitive processes are not stable over time (3)

A

memory, processing speed, and reasoning

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4
Q

define cognitive decline

A

Refers to any loss of or decrease in the ability to demonstrate or use cognitive skills

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5
Q

Individuals suffering from mild cognitive impairment have what symptoms (3)

A

memory problems, forgetfulness, language difficulties

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6
Q

What’s the difference between MC and Cognitive decline

A

mc is not severe enough to impede functioning in their daily life

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7
Q

cognitive decline refers to

A

pathological declines ranging from mild cognitive impairment to dementia

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8
Q

what percent of people with MCI develop dementia

A

10-15%

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9
Q

MCI involves low performance in blank or blank cognitive domains

A

MCI involves low performance in one or more cognitive demands

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10
Q

Clinically, MCI symptoms fall between the criteria for

A

normal functioning and dementia

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11
Q

Alzihiemers proposed impairment in the following cognitive domains (4)

A

ability to process new information, ability to handle complex tasks and make sound judgement

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12
Q

Cd are highly variable between individuals. Diagnosis must be framed by expectations for an individual given their (3)

A

age, demographics, and educational background

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13
Q

Mobility changes in older adults: what is mobility

A

The ability to move safely and reliably, where, when and how
someone wants

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14
Q

Mobility is important for many things, like what 4 things.

A

hygiene, work, leisure, socialization

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15
Q

Individuals perform mobility based activities using various method including

A

power from own muscles, assistive devices, mode of transport

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16
Q

What can compensate for an individual’s lack of muscle power

A

assistive tech, other modes of transport

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17
Q

What are two important components of mobility?

A

posture and gait

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18
Q

Posture refers to

A

individual to maintain their center of gravity under both static and dynamic conditions

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19
Q

Posture has two main components:

A

balance coodination and balance recovery

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20
Q

balance coordination refers to

A

maintaining postural control in static and dynamic position

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21
Q

balance recovery refers to

A

regaining stability following an external disturbance

22
Q

Gait refers to

A

manner of walking

23
Q

what 3 factors are used to measure gait?

A

postural control, speed, and initiation

24
Q

Mobility loss can result from (3)

A

meds, injuries, illness

25
Q

age has what effect on mobility

A

deteriorating effect

26
Q

Many older adults experience worsened postural control which looks like

A

front-to-back swaying

27
Q

gait is also impacted by

A

muscle pain

28
Q

Limitations in mobility can lead to blank dependence, increased risk of depression, and difficulty with blank

A

Increased dependence, increase risk of depression and difficulty with socialization.

29
Q

Cognitive decline and mobility are not blank of each other.

A

independent

30
Q

cognition is necessary for the initiation and modification of

A

movement

31
Q

postural control and gait stability rely on blank resources and blank functioning among other process

A

Postural control and gait stability rely on attentional resources and
executive functioning among other processes

32
Q

blank decline has been identified as a potential predictor of future gait difficulties

A

cognitive

33
Q

two approaches to understanding cognition and mobility relationship

A

single task and daul task

34
Q

What is single task?

A

participants perform one mobility task (stand or walk) or one cognitive task (count backward)

35
Q

Dual tasks explained

A

participants perform a cognitive and mobility task at the same time

36
Q

although there is some debate, dual tasks show

A

difficulty with mobility with cognitive interference

37
Q

for healthy older adults adding an additional cognitive task effects 3 things

A

gait speed, step weight and length increase, and stride to stride variability increases

38
Q

Similarly with MCI and dementia demonstrate slower gait and increased

A

variability in gait

39
Q

What is the capacity sharing model-

A

simultaneous performance of two attention
demanding tasks results in performance declines in one/ both tasks

40
Q

cross-domain model

A

Mobility and cognition use the same mental resources.

41
Q

Some people have motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) which has 4 criteria

A
  1. slow gait speed, preservation of performance of daily activities, absence of dementia, cognitive complaints
42
Q

those with MCR were found to be

A

3x more likely to develop dementia later

43
Q

gait velocity is a predictor of

A

global cognitive impairment

44
Q

Swingtime variability predicts

A

memory impairment

45
Q

Case fo cog decline impacting mobility: cognitive decline is

A

gradual and can co unnoticed

46
Q

case for cognitive domains can predict future mobility issues like

A

executive function, memory attention

47
Q

Mobility intervention: physical activities

A

active older adults are less likely to experience
CD than non-active adults

48
Q

aging changes related to driving: sensory decline

A

vision loss, reduction in visual acuity, and narrow field of vision

49
Q

aging changes related to driving: reduction in

A

grip strength and neck rotation

50
Q

self regulatory behaviours for diving include

A

driving less, shorter distances, avoid driving in challenging conditions

Age and cognition (9 decks)

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