week 7 Flashcards
Cognition refers to
mental processes used to navigate through life
Which cognitive abilities remain stable over time
vocabularly
which cognitive processes are not stable over time (3)
memory, processing speed, and reasoning
define cognitive decline
Refers to any loss of or decrease in the ability to demonstrate or use cognitive skills
Individuals suffering from mild cognitive impairment have what symptoms (3)
memory problems, forgetfulness, language difficulties
What’s the difference between MC and Cognitive decline
mc is not severe enough to impede functioning in their daily life
cognitive decline refers to
pathological declines ranging from mild cognitive impairment to dementia
what percent of people with MCI develop dementia
10-15%
MCI involves low performance in blank or blank cognitive domains
MCI involves low performance in one or more cognitive demands
Clinically, MCI symptoms fall between the criteria for
normal functioning and dementia
Alzihiemers proposed impairment in the following cognitive domains (4)
ability to process new information, ability to handle complex tasks and make sound judgement
Cd are highly variable between individuals. Diagnosis must be framed by expectations for an individual given their (3)
age, demographics, and educational background
Mobility changes in older adults: what is mobility
The ability to move safely and reliably, where, when and how
someone wants
Mobility is important for many things, like what 4 things.
hygiene, work, leisure, socialization
Individuals perform mobility based activities using various method including
power from own muscles, assistive devices, mode of transport
What can compensate for an individual’s lack of muscle power
assistive tech, other modes of transport
What are two important components of mobility?
posture and gait
Posture refers to
individual to maintain their center of gravity under both static and dynamic conditions
Posture has two main components:
balance coodination and balance recovery
balance coordination refers to
maintaining postural control in static and dynamic position
balance recovery refers to
regaining stability following an external disturbance
Gait refers to
manner of walking
what 3 factors are used to measure gait?
postural control, speed, and initiation
Mobility loss can result from (3)
meds, injuries, illness
age has what effect on mobility
deteriorating effect
Many older adults experience worsened postural control which looks like
front-to-back swaying
gait is also impacted by
muscle pain
Limitations in mobility can lead to blank dependence, increased risk of depression, and difficulty with blank
Increased dependence, increase risk of depression and difficulty with socialization.
Cognitive decline and mobility are not blank of each other.
independent
cognition is necessary for the initiation and modification of
movement
postural control and gait stability rely on blank resources and blank functioning among other process
Postural control and gait stability rely on attentional resources and
executive functioning among other processes
blank decline has been identified as a potential predictor of future gait difficulties
cognitive
two approaches to understanding cognition and mobility relationship
single task and daul task
What is single task?
participants perform one mobility task (stand or walk) or one cognitive task (count backward)
Dual tasks explained
participants perform a cognitive and mobility task at the same time
although there is some debate, dual tasks show
difficulty with mobility with cognitive interference
for healthy older adults adding an additional cognitive task effects 3 things
gait speed, step weight and length increase, and stride to stride variability increases
Similarly with MCI and dementia demonstrate slower gait and increased
variability in gait
What is the capacity sharing model-
simultaneous performance of two attention
demanding tasks results in performance declines in one/ both tasks
cross-domain model
Mobility and cognition use the same mental resources.
Some people have motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) which has 4 criteria
- slow gait speed, preservation of performance of daily activities, absence of dementia, cognitive complaints
those with MCR were found to be
3x more likely to develop dementia later
gait velocity is a predictor of
global cognitive impairment
Swingtime variability predicts
memory impairment
Case fo cog decline impacting mobility: cognitive decline is
gradual and can co unnoticed
case for cognitive domains can predict future mobility issues like
executive function, memory attention
Mobility intervention: physical activities
active older adults are less likely to experience
CD than non-active adults
aging changes related to driving: sensory decline
vision loss, reduction in visual acuity, and narrow field of vision
aging changes related to driving: reduction in
grip strength and neck rotation
self regulatory behaviours for diving include
driving less, shorter distances, avoid driving in challenging conditions
