Week 7 - Unit 2 Flashcards
What type of bond is energy with ATP stored in?
Phosphoanhydride bonds
Phase 1 of respiration is the ______ of fuels. Phase 2 of respiration is _____ ______ from oxidative phosphorylation.
Oxidation
ATP generation
What 3 sources can ATP come from through respiration into the TCA cycle ?
Glucose
Fatty acids
Amino Acids
What three types of work is ATP used for ?
Mechanical work (conformational changes) Transport work (ATPases - Na/K transporter) Biochemical work (energy of reactions)
To use the energy from ATP we ____ the reaction of the ____ of the P from ATP with another reaction that is less energetically favorable.
couple
cleavage
Delta G “not” in free energy standard conditions is favorable and unfavorable when ? (pH is 7.0 and 25 degrees C)
”-“ is a favorable reaction (exergonic)
“+” is an unfavorable reaction (endergonic)
Why is Delta G “not” not useful in real biological conditions ?
Its outcome is not altered by a change in substrate concentration
When the ratio of product to substrate = 1 (Keq = 1) then what is the Delta G “not”?
Zero
When Keq is greater than 1 (product is greater than substrate ) then what is the Delta G “not” ?
Less than zero - favorable
When Keq is less than 1, ( product is less than substrate), then what is the delta G “not” ?
Greater than zero, unfavorable
What does Delta G do differently versus its “not” version?
- considers concentrations of products or substrates
- takes into consideration of driving forces toward equilibrium
- tells you how fare the reactions shifted to the right or left to reach equilibrium (Keq)
Although cellular temp and pH is not far from the standard (7.0 pH and 25 C), the ___ , ____, and ___ are very different from the standard 1M concentrations.
ATP
ADP
Pi
(concentrations)
Values can be ____ such that endergonic and exergonic reactions are coupled so that the overall Delta G is _____.
additive
negative
What does phosphoglucomutase do ?
Conversion of Glucose 6-phosphate (G6-P) to G1-P
What is the Delta G “not” of the reaction for converting G6-P to G1-P in standard conditions ?
1.65 (unfavorable)
how do we make in biological conditions the G6-P to G1-P from unfavorable to favorable?
Reduce the amount of product (constantly removed from system in metabolism)
- decrease the ratio of product to substrate
- makes the Delta G to negative overall and more favorable
True or False:
The delta G “not” is a description of the magnitude of the shift in one direction or another to reach equilibrium at any concentration.
False - “any” is key work, Delta G “not” can only calculate at standard conditions, not at “any” conditions
True or False:
A reaction can become favorable if the ratio of P/S becomes low enough
True- driving force to equilibrium
True or False:
The Delta G NOT for the forward and the reverse of a reaction is the same.
False- they are opposite
If forward = -2 then the reverse will be +2
What is reduced in the TCA cycle then Oxidized in ETS for use to make ATP?
NAD (H)
FAD (H2)
True or False:
In the ETS a Membrane potential and a pH potential exists between the Mitochondrial membranes
True
What is the only complex in ETS that is not transmembrane ?
Complex 2
What portion of the pathway in ETS is considered oxidative portion ?
Complex 1 through 4
What portion of ETS is considered substrate level phosphorylation ?
ATP Synthase (Complex 5)