Week 7 Terms Flashcards
Abduction
Movement of a joint or body part away from the body
Compartment syndrome
Severe swelling and tissue injury caused by constriction of the blood and lymph. Can progress to necrosis.
Compression injury
Tissue injury caused by continuous pressure over an area
Dependent areas of the body
Areas of the body subject to pressure from gravity and weight
Embolism
Clot of blood, air, organic material, or a foreign body that moves freely in the vascular system
Fasciotomy
Surgical treatment of compartment syndrome in which fascia is incised to release severe tissue swelling
Foot board
Operating table attachment that braces the patients weight when the table is tilted toward the feet
Hyperextension
Extension of a joint beyond its normal anatomical range
Hyperflexion
Flexion of a joint beyond its normal anatomical range
Hypotension
Decreased blood pressure
Ischemia
Loss of blood supply to a body part either by compression or as a result of a blockage in blood vessels
Lateral transfer
Transferring the pt from one horizontal surface to another
Necrosis
Tissue death
Neuropathy
Permanent or temporary nerve injury that results in numbness or loss of function of a part of the body
Range of motion
Normal anatomical movement of an extremity
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Group of disorders attributed to compression of the subclavian vessels and nerves
Shear injury
Tissue injury or necrosis that results when two tissue plans are forcefully pulled in opposite directions
Thromboembolus (embolus)
Blood clot that breaks loose and enters the systemic circulation, causing obstruction or occlusion of a blood vessel
Traction injury
Nerve injury caused by stretching or compression of the nerve
Transfer board
A thin, Plexiglas, fiberglass, or roller board that is placed under the pt to move the person from the operating table to the stretcher or bed
Trendelenburg position
Position in which a prone or supine pt is tilted with the head down
Supine position
Dorsal recumbent; use for procedures of the abd, pelvis, thorax, face, oath, and vascular sx
Reverse Trendelenburg position
Foot down position; Used when surgeon requires unobstructed access to the upper abdominal cavity and lower esophagus
Lithotomy position
Variation of supine position; its thighs are abducted and both the knees and hips are flexed
Sitting (Fowler’s) or Beach Chair position
Operating table flexed to allow beach chair position; Used for shoulder, facial, cranial, or reconstructive breast sx
Lateral (SIMS) position
Used for surgical procedures that require access to the flank or lateral thorax
Prone position
Number of variations; used to allow access to the spine, cranium and perianal position
Jackknife (Kraske) position
Modification fo prone position; lower table break is flexed downward to achieve simultaneous head-down and foot-down posture
Pressure
Force placed on underlying tissue
Shear
Folding of underlying tissue when the skeletal structure moves while the skin remains stationary
Friction
Force of two surfaces rubbing against one another
Moisture
In excess, worsens the effects of pressure, shear, and friction
Heat
On the body surface increases metabolism of tissue and increases its oxygen and nutritional demand. Can use thermal damage
Cold
(Environmental conditions) can lean to hypothermia; reduces peripheral circulation
Negativity
Occurs when layers of materials (blankets/sheets) are placed over the OR mattress or padding
Intrinsic factors
Lower a pt’s tissue tolerance to pressure and decrease the time and pressure required for tissue breakdown
Deep tissue injury (DTI)
purple/maroon localized area of discolored intact skin or blood-filled blister due to damage of underlying soft tissue from pressure and/or shear
Stage I
Intact skin with nonblanchable redness of a localized area usually over a bony prominence
Stage II
Partial thickness loss of dermis presenting as a shallow open ulcer with a red-pink wound bed, w/o slough. Intact or open/ruptured serum-filled or serosanguineous filled blister presents as a shiny or dry shallow ulcer w/o slough or bruising
Stage III
Full thickness tissue loss; SQ fat may be visible; sought may be present; may include undermining and tunneling; depth varies by anatomic location
Stage IV
Full thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon, or muscle; Depth varies by anatomic location
Unstagable
Full thickness tissue loss in which actual depth of the ulcer is completely obscured by slough and/or eschar in the wound bed
Common perineal nerve
Branches from the sciatic nerve behind the knee and becomes superficial as it wraps around the lateral heal of the fibula. Vulnerable to direct compression by stirrup bars
Sciatic nerve
Originates from the L4-S3 spinal nerve roots and travels down the buttock and posterior thigh before it divides into the common perineal and tibial nerves
Femoral nerve
Arises from the L2-L4 spinal nerve roots and runs through the medial thigh
Obturator nerve
Originates from L2-L4 nerve roots; Subjected to excessive stretching when the pt is in lithotomy position
Tibial nerve
Branches from the sciatic nerve behind knee and runs along the posterior tibia to the foot; Branches into the medial and lateral plantar nerves
Peripheral neuropathies
Peripheral nerves can suffer injury during positioning, r resulting in impaired sensory function or motor function, or both. Causes include compression, stretch, direct trauma, laceration, ischemia, and metabolic derangement
Upper extremity neuropathies
Generate from lesions to the racial plexus and the nerves that emerge from it
Lower extremity neuropathies
Result most frequently from prolonged lithotomy positioning and tend to manifest hours after surgery
