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ST1 > Week 7 Terms > Flashcards

Week 7 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of a joint or body part away from the body

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2
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

Severe swelling and tissue injury caused by constriction of the blood and lymph. Can progress to necrosis.

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3
Q

Compression injury

A

Tissue injury caused by continuous pressure over an area

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4
Q

Dependent areas of the body

A

Areas of the body subject to pressure from gravity and weight

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5
Q

Embolism

A

Clot of blood, air, organic material, or a foreign body that moves freely in the vascular system

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6
Q

Fasciotomy

A

Surgical treatment of compartment syndrome in which fascia is incised to release severe tissue swelling

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7
Q

Foot board

A

Operating table attachment that braces the patients weight when the table is tilted toward the feet

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8
Q

Hyperextension

A

Extension of a joint beyond its normal anatomical range

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9
Q

Hyperflexion

A

Flexion of a joint beyond its normal anatomical range

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10
Q

Hypotension

A

Decreased blood pressure

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11
Q

Ischemia

A

Loss of blood supply to a body part either by compression or as a result of a blockage in blood vessels

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12
Q

Lateral transfer

A

Transferring the pt from one horizontal surface to another

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13
Q

Necrosis

A

Tissue death

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14
Q

Neuropathy

A

Permanent or temporary nerve injury that results in numbness or loss of function of a part of the body

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15
Q

Range of motion

A

Normal anatomical movement of an extremity

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16
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome

A

Group of disorders attributed to compression of the subclavian vessels and nerves

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17
Q

Shear injury

A

Tissue injury or necrosis that results when two tissue plans are forcefully pulled in opposite directions

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18
Q

Thromboembolus (embolus)

A

Blood clot that breaks loose and enters the systemic circulation, causing obstruction or occlusion of a blood vessel

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19
Q

Traction injury

A

Nerve injury caused by stretching or compression of the nerve

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20
Q

Transfer board

A

A thin, Plexiglas, fiberglass, or roller board that is placed under the pt to move the person from the operating table to the stretcher or bed

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21
Q

Trendelenburg position

A

Position in which a prone or supine pt is tilted with the head down

22
Q

Supine position

A

Dorsal recumbent; use for procedures of the abd, pelvis, thorax, face, oath, and vascular sx

23
Q

Reverse Trendelenburg position

A

Foot down position; Used when surgeon requires unobstructed access to the upper abdominal cavity and lower esophagus

24
Q

Lithotomy position

A

Variation of supine position; its thighs are abducted and both the knees and hips are flexed

25
Q

Sitting (Fowler’s) or Beach Chair position

A

Operating table flexed to allow beach chair position; Used for shoulder, facial, cranial, or reconstructive breast sx

26
Q

Lateral (SIMS) position

A

Used for surgical procedures that require access to the flank or lateral thorax

27
Q

Prone position

A

Number of variations; used to allow access to the spine, cranium and perianal position

28
Q

Jackknife (Kraske) position

A

Modification fo prone position; lower table break is flexed downward to achieve simultaneous head-down and foot-down posture

29
Q

Pressure

A

Force placed on underlying tissue

30
Q

Shear

A

Folding of underlying tissue when the skeletal structure moves while the skin remains stationary

31
Q

Friction

A

Force of two surfaces rubbing against one another

32
Q

Moisture

A

In excess, worsens the effects of pressure, shear, and friction

33
Q

Heat

A

On the body surface increases metabolism of tissue and increases its oxygen and nutritional demand. Can use thermal damage

34
Q

Cold

A

(Environmental conditions) can lean to hypothermia; reduces peripheral circulation

35
Q

Negativity

A

Occurs when layers of materials (blankets/sheets) are placed over the OR mattress or padding

36
Q

Intrinsic factors

A

Lower a pt’s tissue tolerance to pressure and decrease the time and pressure required for tissue breakdown

37
Q

Deep tissue injury (DTI)

A

purple/maroon localized area of discolored intact skin or blood-filled blister due to damage of underlying soft tissue from pressure and/or shear

38
Q

Stage I

A

Intact skin with nonblanchable redness of a localized area usually over a bony prominence

39
Q

Stage II

A

Partial thickness loss of dermis presenting as a shallow open ulcer with a red-pink wound bed, w/o slough. Intact or open/ruptured serum-filled or serosanguineous filled blister presents as a shiny or dry shallow ulcer w/o slough or bruising

40
Q

Stage III

A

Full thickness tissue loss; SQ fat may be visible; sought may be present; may include undermining and tunneling; depth varies by anatomic location

41
Q

Stage IV

A

Full thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon, or muscle; Depth varies by anatomic location

42
Q

Unstagable

A

Full thickness tissue loss in which actual depth of the ulcer is completely obscured by slough and/or eschar in the wound bed

43
Q

Common perineal nerve

A

Branches from the sciatic nerve behind the knee and becomes superficial as it wraps around the lateral heal of the fibula. Vulnerable to direct compression by stirrup bars

44
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

Originates from the L4-S3 spinal nerve roots and travels down the buttock and posterior thigh before it divides into the common perineal and tibial nerves

45
Q

Femoral nerve

A

Arises from the L2-L4 spinal nerve roots and runs through the medial thigh

46
Q

Obturator nerve

A

Originates from L2-L4 nerve roots; Subjected to excessive stretching when the pt is in lithotomy position

47
Q

Tibial nerve

A

Branches from the sciatic nerve behind knee and runs along the posterior tibia to the foot; Branches into the medial and lateral plantar nerves

48
Q

Peripheral neuropathies

A

Peripheral nerves can suffer injury during positioning, r resulting in impaired sensory function or motor function, or both. Causes include compression, stretch, direct trauma, laceration, ischemia, and metabolic derangement

49
Q

Upper extremity neuropathies

A

Generate from lesions to the racial plexus and the nerves that emerge from it

50
Q

Lower extremity neuropathies

A

Result most frequently from prolonged lithotomy positioning and tend to manifest hours after surgery

ST1 (15 decks)

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