Week 7: Systemic Disorders Affecting the Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

4 phases of hemostasis

A
  • initiation/formation of platelet plug
  • coagulation cascade
  • termination by antithrombotic control
  • removal of clot by fibrinolysis
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2
Q

decrease in number, defective adhesion, defective aggregation

A

platelet disorders

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3
Q

intrinsic pathway and extrinsic pathway both lead to a _______ that produces _____

A

final common pathway, fibrin

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4
Q

coagulation disorder

A

hemophilia

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5
Q

platelet disorders

A

thrombocytopenia, thrombasthenia

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6
Q

capillary fragility

A

vitamin C deficiency, hereditary condition

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7
Q

normal bleeding time

A

between 3-8 minutes

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8
Q

genetic, liver disease, biliary obstruction, steatorrhea, drugs

A

coagulation factor deficiency

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9
Q

aPTT stands for

A

activated partial thromboplastin time

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10
Q

normal aPTT values

A

25-35 seconds

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11
Q

test that identifies acquired or inherited deficiencies in the activities of factors

A

prothrombin time (PT)

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12
Q

normal values of PT

A

11-13 seconds

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13
Q

hemophilia:
normal _______
abnormal ____

A

normal bleeding time, platelet number, prothrombin

abnormal partial thromboplastin time (prolonged clotting time)

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14
Q

hemophilia patients do not develop…

A

petechiae

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15
Q

thrombocytopenia characteristics (3)

A
  • decreased platelets
  • increased destruction
  • cirrhosis
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16
Q

normal platelets

A

200,000-400,000

17
Q

petechiae are ____ size

A

pinpoint

18
Q

ecchymoses are ________ and may be as wide as a ____

A

larger than petechiae, 5mm-1cm

19
Q

systematic hemorrhage

A

epistaxis, hematemesis, hemoptysis, uremia

20
Q

2 causes of capillary fragility

A

hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, vitamin C deficiency

21
Q

deficiency in the transport of O2, depends on quality of RBC

A

anemia

22
Q

types of anemia

A

microcytic, hypochromic, macrocytic-hyperchromic

23
Q

causes of anemia

A

nutritional deficiency, genetic, excessive blood loss

24
Q

aplastic anemia affects _______

A

other blood cells than just RBC

25
Q

clinical symptoms of anemia

A

tiredness, weakness, malaise, increased RR, headache, pallor

26
Q

anemia that has to do with a vitamin B12 deficiency (due to _____)

A

pernicious anemia; defective intrinsic factor

27
Q

Mutations affecting alpha globin formation which
is a building block of hemoglobin (a protein for
transport of oxygen)

A

A-thalassemia

28
Q

types of thalassemia

A

Beta and Alpha types

29
Q

how many genes for B and A thalassemia?

A

2 genes for B, 4 genes for Alpha

30
Q

a-thalassemia gene outcomes

A

1 gene = no disease
2 genes = trait
3 genes = Hb H disease
4 genes = hydrops fetalis

31
Q

acute infection lymphadenopathy

A

enlarged lymph nodes, tender, relatively soft, freely movable

32
Q

chronic infection lymphadenopathy

A

enlarged, rubbery, firm, nontender, freely movable

33
Q

neoplasm lymphadenopathy

A

nontender, progressive enlargement, freely movable or fixed

34
Q
lymphoid hyperplasia
where: 
color: 
micro: 
tx:
A

where: tonsils, floor of the mouth, lateral tongue
color: normal, yellow-orange, pink
micro: lymphoid aggregates, germinal centers, macrophages
tx: no treatment