Lecture Summary: Immunologic Disorders Flashcards
canker sores are also called _____ and are the most common ______ oral ulcer
aphthous ulcers, non-traumatic
causes of aphthous ulcers
immune dysfunction, stress, diet (acidic foods)
aphthous ulcers are painful recurrent ulcers on ________ anywhere except ________
unattached mucosa, palate/gingiva
aphthous ulcers are _______ with a ___ center and ___ border
crateriform (indented), pale, red
characteristics of a minor canker sore
single, small(<1 cm), mildly painful ulcer that heals in a couple weeks
characteristics of a major canker sore
multiple, large (>1 cm), very painful ulcers that heals in a couple months
characteristics of a herpetiform canker sore
multiple small ulcers that look like herpes infection (“herpetiform”) but are not caused by HSV-1.
major canker sores may require ____ tx, but minor and herpetiform usually _______
steroid, don’t require treatment
Immune-mediated disorder affecting oral cavity and/or skin
lichen planus
lichen planus is ______, more common in ____, onset is ____
sort of common (1%), women, middle age
two types of oral lesions in lichen planus
reticular, erosive
characteristics of lichen planus (reticular type)
- Most common
- Fine white lines (called “Wickham’s striae”) in lacy pattern (“reticular” means “web-like”)on buccal mucosa
- Usually asymptomatic; no need to treat
characteristics of lichen planus (erosive type)
- Less common
- Painful ulcerated lesion surrounded by Wickham’s striae
- Some cases turn into cancer, so should biopsy to monitor for that.
- Treat with steroids
Autoimmune disorder affecting skin and mucous membranes
pemphigus vulgaris
“vesicle” means ____ blister; “bulla” means _____ blister
small, large
pemphigus vulgaris mechanism: Patients have _______ against the little proteins that attach the cells of the _______ to each other. This causes the cells of the epidermis to detach from each other, forming ______ (that turn into ________) within the epidermis.
antibodies, epidermis, spaces, vesicles/bullae
pemphigus vulgaris
- diagnose with ____
- treatment with _____
- biopsy
- oral steroids
Autoimmune disorder affecting skin and mucous membranes in which lesions are vesiculobullous
benign mucous membrane pemphigoid
BMMP mechanism: Patients have antibodies against the _________ (the basement membrane is the dividing line between the epidermis and dermis). This causes the epidermis to detach from the _____, forming spaces (that turn into vesicles/bullae) between the ______.
basement membrane of the epidermis, dermis, epidermis and dermis
Since the vesicles are between the epidermis and dermis in BMMP, they are _____ than the vesicles in pemphigus vulgaris–and they tend _______
deeper, not to rupture as easily.
BMMP characteristics
Diagnose with ____
Treatment: ______. May require additional drugs to ________
- biopsy
- oral steroids, suppress immune system
Autoimmune disorder affecting eyes and mouth.
Sjogren syndrome
Sjogren syndrome is more common in ______ (like other autoimmune disorders)
women
Sjogren syndrome: patients have antibodies that destroy ___________
salivary and lacrimal glands.
symptoms of sjogren syndrome
dry eyes (xerophthalmia) and dry mouth (xerostomia). Xerostomia predisposes patients to caries and candidiasis.
sjogren syndrome diagnosis = ______
several criteria, including dry eyes, dry mouth, and the presence of autoantibodies.
sjogren syndrome Tx = _________
supportive (eye drops, meticulous oral hygiene). No curative treatment yet
those with sjogren syndrome by also have ________ and markedly increased incidence of ____
another autoimmune disease, lymphoma
