Lecture Summary: Infectious Diseases Flashcards
______ is a dimorphic fungus: it has both spores (little round forms) and
pseudohyphae (long filamentous forms)
candida albicans
_____ is commonly present as a harmless part of normal skin and oral flora
candida albicans
three types of candidiasis
- Pseudomembranous candidiasis, or thrush (removable white plaques in mouth)
- Erythematous candidiasis (red lesions in mouth or at corners of mouth)
- Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis (non-removable white plaques; biopsy to rule out
cancer)
candida albicans
- Diagnosis:
- Treatment:
- Diagnosis: obtain swab of lesion, smear on slide, look under microscope for spores and hyphae
- Treatment: topical and/or oral antifungal agents
there are __ types of herpesvirus (HHV) family infections
eight
HHV-1 is also known as…
herpes simplex virus 1, HSV-1
HHV-1 characteristics
_______; affects ______ above the ____; present in _____
very common; skin and mucosa, waist; saliva
HHV-1 has primary infection, then remains latent in ___________ for the rest of patient’s life, and can be reactivated to ______
nerve ganglia (especially trigeminal ganglion), secondary/recurrent infection
two diseases of primary HSV-1 infections
gingivosomatitis, pharyngotonsillitis
HSV-1 more common in adults; presents with numerous small vesicles on
tonsils/posterior pharynx that may coalesce and ulcerate.
pharyngotonsillitis
HSV-1 more common in children; presents with numerous small vesicles anywhere
in mouth that may coalesce and ulcerate. Accompanied by fever. Self-limiting within a couple weeks
gingivosomatitis
secondary (recurrent) HSV-1 infections are also known as _____
“cold sores”
two forms of HSV-1 secondary infections
herpes labialis, herpes stomatitis
HSV-1 secondary infection: clusters of small vesicles (blisters) near the lips which rupture and form a crust.
Self-limiting within a week or two.
herpes labialis
HSV-1 secondary infection: clusters of small vesicles (blisters) on attached mucosa
(palate, gingiva) of the mouth that rupture and ulcerate. Self-limiting within a week or two.
herpes stomatitis (AKA intraoral herpes)
Definitive diagnosis in HSV-1 requires either _____ or _____
a swab of the lesion, or a biopsy.
treatment of HSV-1
- primary infection =
- recurrent infection =
- in immunocompromised patients =
primary = not necessary recurrent = topical/oral antivirals immunocompromised = IV antivirals
HSV-2 usually affects ________, but rarely can cause oral infections; transmitted ___________
skin and mucosa below the waist, sexually through genital secretions
HHV-3 is transmitted through ________ or ______
air droplets, direct contact with lesions
primary VZV/HHV-3 infection
- Commonly known as “chickenpox”
- Most common in children (most people get it by the age of 15, unless they are vaccinated)
- Lesions have characteristic “dew drop on a rose petal” look
main feature of HHV-3/VZV primary infection
itchy rash on trunk, face, extremities, and in oral cavity
precipitating factors of recurrent VZV infection
immunosuppression, old age, alcohol abuse
recurrent VZV infection features
- very painful vesicles that ulcerate and crust
- location of lesions follows dermatomes on one side of the body
- can last up to 5 weeks
HIV is a _____ that infects and destroys a particular kind of lymphocyte called the ______
retrovirus, helper T
cell
AIDS is characterized by _______
“opportunistic” diseases
oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS
candidiasis, periodontal disease, HSV-1 and VZV
infections, malignancies, and ulcers.
