Week 7 Study Guide Flashcards
Hemostasis
Prevention or arrest of blood loss
What is hemostasis called if pathological?
Thrombosis
What is thrombosis defined as?
Formation of a blood clot within non traumatized intact vessels
What are the mechanisms of hemostasis?
Vascular constriction
Primary hemostasis- formation of the platelet plug
Secondary hemostasis- blood coagulation (formation of blood clot)
Fibrous organization or dissolution of the blood clot (clot resorption)
What is the formation of the platelet plug steps?
Adhesion to damaged vascular wall
Shape change
Granule release
Recruitment and aggregation
Blood coagulation process (secondary hemostasis)
Begins in 15-20 seconds in severe vascular trauma
Occlusive clot within 3-6 minutes unless very large
20-60 min until clot retraction
1-2 weeks is invasion by fibroblasts and organization into fibrous tissue
What is the rate limiting factor of blood coagulation?
Prothrombin activator
What are the types of WBCs?
Granulocytes
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
What are types of Granulocytes?
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
What are types of lymphocytes?
B lymphocyte
T lymphocyte
Role of neutrophils
Destroy invading bacteria (phagocytose)
Role of eosinophils
Parasitic infection
Modulate allergic inflammatory responses
Role of basophils
Release histamine
Allergic reactions
Where do Granulocytes and monocytes develop?
Bone marrow
Where do lymphocytes develop?
Peripheral lymphoid organs
What is the main function of the complement system?
Host defense against pathogens
Pathological inflammatory response
(Inflammation, opsonization and phagocytosis, cell lysis)
What are both the innate and adaptive immune systems activated by?
Pathogens
What are the steps of phagocytosis?
Recognition and attachment of the particle to be ingested
Engulfment followed by formation of phagolysosome
Killing or degrading ingested material
What is the inflammatory response?
Blood vessel dilation
Increased vascular permeability and leakage
White blood cell adherence to the inner walls of the vessels and migration through the vessels
What are the goals of inflammation?
Prevent and limit infection and further damage
Initiate adaptive immune response
Initiate healing
Innate immune system
Hosts first line of defense and is intended to prevent infection and attack invading pathogens
Adaptive immune system
Able to prevent disease in future by remembering
What is not a main WBC?
Erythrocytes
Which type of lymphocyte makes antibodies?
Type B
Which of the following cell types of the innate immune system does not perform phagocytosis?
Basophils
What is the role of monocytes?
Phagocytose and digest foreign bodies
Myelogenous leukemias are caused by the cancerous production of innate immune system cells, in which tissue is such production most likely to occur?
Bone marrow
Humoral immunity is a type of adaptive immunity that results in the circulation of which of the following throughout the blood?
Antibodies
Which of the following is not one of the 3 main antigen presenting cell types?
NK cells
What is not true about the innate immune system?
The adaptive system activates the innate
The adaptive systems consist of what and their products including antibodies?
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes develop where in the body?
Bone marrow
What is not true about inflammation?
It is specific and not generalized
What are the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation?
Redness
Swelling
Pain
Heat
What is the role of T cells?
Kill virus infected cells
What is the role of NK cells?
Kill virus infected cells
What is the role of platelets?
Initiate blood clotting
Granulocytes timeline
4-8 hours
Monocytes timeline
10-20 hours
Lymphocytes timeline
Weeks-months
Platelets timeline
Replaced every 10 days
What causes histamine release?
IgE
What do dendritic cells provide?
Link between the innate and adaptive immune system
How many bacteria can neutrophils ingest?
3-20
How many bacteria can macrophages ingest?
Up to 100
What is present in T helper cells?
MHC 2 (CD4)
What is present in cytotoxic T cells?
MHC 1(CD8)
What plays a role in activating the complement system?
Secreted receptor (mannose binding lectin)
