Human Phys 7.3

Question 1

What are vitamin B12 and folic acid essential for?

Answer 1

Maturation of RBC

DNA synthesis

Question 2

Why do RBC become much larger than normal?

Answer 2

Failure to proliferate rapidly

Question 3

What causes RBC to have a short life that is 1/2 to 1/3 normal?

Answer 3

Their fragility

Question 4

What do parietal cells of the gastric glands secrete?

Answer 4

Glycoprotein called intrinsic factor

Question 5

What is intrinsic factor required for?

Answer 5

Vitamin B12 uptake by binding to B12 and protecting it from digestion

Question 6

What does lack of vitamin B12 cause?

Answer 6

Macrocytic normochromic anemia

Question 7

What % of total body iron is bound to heme in RBC and muscle cells?

Answer 7

67%

Question 8

How much iron is stored in macrophages and hepatic paranchymal cells?

Answer 8

30%

Question 9

How much iron is lost daily in sweat, urine, bile, and minor bleeding?

Answer 9

3%

Question 10

How much iron is required daily for erythropoiesis?

Answer 10

25 mg

Question 11

What is the dietary recommendation of iron daily?

Answer 11

1-2 mg the rest is from continual recycling of RBC

Question 12

Microcytic-hypochromic anemias

Answer 12

Red cells that are abnormally small and contain reduced amounts of hemoglobin

Question 13

What is microcytic-hypochromic anemia related to?

Answer 13

Disorders of iron metabolism

Disorders of globin synthesis

Question 14

What is the most common type of anemia worldwide?

Answer 14

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 15

What is iron deficiency anemia caused by?

Answer 15

Nutritional iron loss

Blood loss

Question 16

When is iron deficiency anemia present?

Answer 16

When serum hemoglobin decreased to 7 or 8

Question 17

Normocytic-normochromic anemias

Answer 17

Red cells that are relatively normal in size and hemoglobin but insufficient in number

Question 18

What causes Normocytic-normochromic anemias?

Answer 18

Loss of functioning bone marrow

Acute blood loss

Immune destruction of RBC

Sickle cell

Question 19

What are the effects of anemia on the circulatory system?

Answer 19

Increase in blood flow and vasodilation which leads to increase CO and pumping workload of heart (increase risk of HF)

Question 20

Polycythemia

Answer 20

Overproduction of RBC

Question 21

Relative polycythemia

Answer 21

Result of dehydration

Question 22

Primary absolute polycythemia

Answer 22

Abnormality of stem cells in the bone marrow

Question 23

Secondary absolute polycythemia

Answer 23

Increase in EPO as a normal response to chronic hypoxia or an inappropriate response to EPO secreting tumors

Question 24

Polycythemia Vera

Answer 24

Abnormal uncontrolled proliferation of RBC, WBC, and platelets

Question 25

What causes polycythemia Vera?

Answer 25

Increased blood viscosity

Hypercoagulopathy