Week 7-Pathogenic Gram Positive bacteria Flashcards
Bacillus anthracis
strong toxins are released. Can causes death if inhaled with symptoms of pulmonary disease. If ingested toxin can invade GI tract. It also cause cutaneous infections.
Clostridium botulinum
causes foodborne intoxication (not food poisoning)—the neurotoxin can lead to death by paralysis by interfering with neuromuscular junction
Clostridium difficile
can overgrow after use of excessive antibiotics—causes explosive diarrhea or life threatening pseudomembranous colitis caused by strong toxins
Clostridium perfringens
during a traumatic event such a surgery or gunshot wound, causes gas gangrene (tissue necrosis with production of foul smelling gas) caused by 11 toxins—shock, kidney failure and death can follow. Can also cause mild food poisoning with abdominal cramping and diarrhea but NO fever, vomiting or nausea
Clostridium tetani
endospores enter skin and releases a toxin—starts with tightening of the jaw and neck muscles—opposing muscle contraction can cause bones to break
Corynebacterium diptheriae
causes a respiratory infection that in non-immune patients is most severe–sore throat, pain, fever pharyngitis and oozing of fluid. The fluid can thicken and form a pseudomembrane in pharynx
Listeria monocytogenes
rarely pathogenic in healthy adults (no symptoms or flu like symptoms) but commonly causes meningitis in immunocomprimised patients because bacteria travels via blood to brain. Can harm fetus if crosses the placenta (premature delivery, miscarriage, still birth or meningitis of newborn)
Mycobacterium leprae
in patients with weaker immune systems, bacteria multiply in skin and nerves—gradually destroying tissue and resulting in loss of facial features, digits and other body parts
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
causes tuberculosis—lung disease with formation of small, hard nodules in lungs—fever, cough for more than 3 weeks with blood, chills, fever, night sweats, unexplained weight loss
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
causes atypical pneumonia with a non-productive cough (“walking pneumonia”)
Staphylococcus aureus
1-scalded skin syndrome and folliculitis skin conditions (sty, furuncle/boil,carbuncle)
2-causes TRUE toxic shock syndrome (fever, vomiting, red rash, low BP, loss of sheets of skin); can be fatal
3-causes osteomyelitis—inflammation of bone marrow and surrounding bone (bone pain and high fever)
4-can cause many nosocomial (hospital acquired) wound/skin infections as well as other nosocomial infections
5-if ingested causes food poisoning which gives gastrointestinal symptoms—caused by enterotoxin
Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)
can cause infection in newborn (neonatal meningitis with permanent neurological damage, blindness, deafness and cognitive impairment)—check pregnant women for this bacteria. In the past this led to many deaths from “childbirth fever”—septicemia
Streptococcus pneumonia
causes pneumonia with productive cough (rusty sputum), high fever, chest pain, rapid breath and chills. Also causes sinusitis and otitis media (ear infection) as well as bacteremia, endocarditis and meningitis
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A)
1-causes pharyngitis characterized by sore throat, fever, malaise and headache—can lead to scarlet fever (causes diffuse rash sometimes called “sandpaper rash”)
2-glomerulonephritis—infection of nephrons in kidneys; can lead to kidney damage
3-causes rheumatic fever (this can harm heart valves and muscle_
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A)
&
Staphylococcus aureus
can cause necrotizing fasciitis (flesh eating disease) as well as cellulitis (infection starts on skin and can appear as a red streak—can get into blood and cause bacteremia)
