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Neuro Anatomy > Week 7 Part 3 notes > Flashcards

Week 7 Part 3 notes Flashcards

1
Q

What does hypothalamus control via projections

A

activity in autonomic, endocrine, and somatic pathways

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2
Q

important projections of hypothalamus

A
  • cd brainstem netowrks/ centers controlling autonomic fx
  • periaqueductal Grey
  • cd brainstem and spinal cord circuits involved in somatic motor contorl
  • pituitary gland
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3
Q

hypothalamus -> cd brainstem netowrk. centers controlling autonomic fx

A
  • control and coordinate autonomic response to maintain homeostasis
  • hypothalamus also projects directly to preganglionic symp and parasympathetic neurons in brainstem and spinal cord permitting direct control of autonomic output
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4
Q

hypothalamus -> periaqueductal grey

A

integrating behavioral and autonomic response; involved in fight or flight, repro and micturition

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5
Q

hypothalamus -> cd brainstem and spinal cord circuits involved in somatic motor control

A
  • initiate behaviors involving somatic musculature:
  • breathing
  • shivering
  • sterotyped aggressive or exploratory motor patterns
  • stereotyped reproductive posturing
  • does this via facilitating brainstem motor circuits already organized to coordinate these behaviors
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6
Q

hypothalamus -> pituitary gland

A
  • controls endocrine output form Adeno- and neurohypophysis

- output can affect virtually every tissue in body

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7
Q

anterior lobe of pitutitary

A

adenohypopphysis; made up of clusters of glandular epithelial cells surrounded by sinusoids

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8
Q

hypothalamus control of adenohypophysis

A

via hypothalamic- hypophyseal portale system

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9
Q

blood supplying adenohypophysis

A

passes through network of fenestrated capillaries in infundibulum b4 reaching sinusoids in adenohypophysis

axons from neurons in nuclei of hypothalamus -> terminate on cap beds in proximal pt infundibulum -> peptides released from these axons -> peptides carried via hypophyseal portal veins -> sinusoids in adenohypophysis

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10
Q

peptides -> adenophypophysis

A

act as releasing or inhibitory factor to control secretion of hormones from glandular cells in adenohypophysis; hormones absorbed via sinusoids -> systemic circulation -> distant tissues

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11
Q

neurohypophysis

A

posterior lobe of pituitary gland; consists of nerve fibers and terminals form neurons in certain nuclei of hypothalamus; cells in nuclei produce vasopressin and oxytocin; axon terminals release these hormones directly on fenestrated capillaries within neurohypophysis; hormones enter systemic circulation -> distant tissues (kidneys, mammary glands, vascular smooth muscle, and brain itself)

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12
Q

hypothalamus and adrenal medulla

A

hypothalamus has neutral control of adrenal medulla via ANS
- neurons in hypothalamus -> preganglionic neurons in spinal cord -> splanchnic nerves -> adrenal medulla -> control release epinephrine and norepinephrine (from adrenal medulla)

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13
Q

secretory cells of adrenal medulla

A

essential fx as post-ganglionic neurons which release neurotransmitter into circulation fo fx as hormone the circulating epinephrine and norepinephrine play key roles in stress response -> sympathetic stimulation

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14
Q

hypothalamus location

A

located ventrally within diencephalon surrounding v portion of 3rd ventricle; bounded rostrally by optic chiasm and lamina terminals; mammillary bodies at cd ventral aspect of hypothalamus

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15
Q

hypothalamus and midbrain tegmentum

A

continuous caudally

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16
Q

hypophysis location

A

attached to ventral aspect of hypothalamus by infundibulum

17
Q

hypothalamus is within

A

middle cr fossa

18
Q

hypothalamus and cavernous sinus

A

may be impacted by lesions in region of cavernous sinus

19
Q

hypothalamus medial zone

A

closer to 3rd ventricle; organized into discrete nuclei with defined functions; contains nuclei that regulate anatomic respiratory and reproductive fx as well as thermoregulation and more complex behaviors; some nuclei contain neurons controlling secretion from adeno- and neurohypophysis (anterior and posterior pituitary gland)

20
Q

hypothalamus lateral zone

A

sometimes considered continuation of brainstem reticular formation; includes diffusely scattered neurons and numerous axons including axons associated with ARAS and other neuromodulatory pathways

21
Q

which zone of hypothalamus is associated with ARAS and other neuromodulatory pathways

A

hypothalamus lateral zone

22
Q

damage fibers of hypothalamus lateral zone

A

damage to these fibers by lesions of hypothalamus can produce depression or coma

23
Q

input to hypothalamus

A
  • retina, olfactory, and vomeronasal systems
  • cutaneous receptors
  • monoaminergic pathways
  • nucleus of solitary tract
  • hippocampal formation
  • other limbic strcutres
  • circulating hormones
  • osmoreceptors
  • thermoreceptors
24
Q

hypothalamus integrates

A

information from diverse range of inputs that include most sensory systems, neuromodulatory pathways, and higher levels of brain; info used to generate responses that ensure maintenance of homeostasis or facilitate reproductive and basic survival behaviors

25
Q

retina input to hypothalamus

A

ambient light, entrainment of circadian rhythms

26
Q

olfactory and vomeronasal systems ->

A

amygdala and olfactory cortex -> hypothalamus

- role in autonomic and behavioral responses to food, predators, prey, mate detection

27
Q

cutaneous receptors input to hypothalamus

A

noxious stimuli input mediates autonomic responses to potential threats; sucking offspring -> milk letdown

28
Q

monoaminergic pathway input to hypothalamus

A
  • neuromodulatory influence: motivation, stress, pain, state of arousal
29
Q

nucleus of the solitary tract input to hypothalamus

A
  • input associated with taste and info about GI tract and other viscera
30
Q

hippocampal formation and other limbic structures input to hypothalamus

A
  • convey highly processed sensory info filtered in context of emotional relevance, motivational drive, memories
31
Q

circulating hormones input to hypothalamus

A
  • lipid soluble pass through blood brain barrier; circumventricular organs detect those that don’t go through barrier
32
Q

osmoreceptors and thermoreceptors input to hypothalamus

A
  • neurons with in hypothalamus; sensitive to temp and osmolarity interstitium; additional input from cutaneous and visceral thermoceptors

Neuro Anatomy (17 decks)

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