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Neuro Anatomy > Learning Issues Week 2 > Flashcards

Learning Issues Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

bones of braincase

A

cribriform plate of ethmoid bone, sphenoid bones (presphenoid and basisphenoid), occipital bones, parietal bones, frontal bones, and temporal bones

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2
Q

braincase

A

part of skull that houses brain (bone)

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3
Q

cranial cavity

A

space with in braincase

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4
Q

floor of braincase

A

presphenoid, basisphenoid, basiocipital bones

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5
Q

rostral boundary of braincase

A

cribriform plate of ethmoid bone; divides braincase from nasal cavity

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6
Q

olfactory afferents (CN I) pass through

A

cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

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7
Q

access from nasal cavity to cr cavity

A

for infectious agents; through cribiform plate of ethmoid bone

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8
Q

sphenoid bones

A

presphenoid and basisphenoid

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9
Q

rostral 2/3 braincase floor

A

sphenoid bones

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10
Q

hypophyseal fossa

A

midline depression basisphenoid bone houses hypophysis (pituitary gland)

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11
Q

dorsum sellae

A

bony prominence that cdly borders pituitary gland; sits in midline groove btwn crus ceribri

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12
Q

cavernous sinus

A

venous sinus lateral to hypophyseal fossa

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13
Q

optic canal/ foramen

A

formed by presphenoid bone, CN II enters skull here

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14
Q

orbital fissure

A

formed at junction of presphenoid and basisphenoid bones; CN III, IV, VI, and V1 pass through

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15
Q

round and oval foramen

A

in basisphenoid bone, V2 and V3 transverse respectively

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16
Q

alar canal

A

in dogs and horses not cats or ruminants; formed in basisphenoid bone; maxillary artery transverses V2 transverses and emerges from rostral alar foramen

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17
Q

what form cd boundary braincase

A

occipital bones

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18
Q

occipital bones articulate with

A

atlas and occipital condyles

basisphenoid bone, temporal bones, parietal bone

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19
Q

sphenoid bones contain

A
  1. hypophyseal fossa
  2. Dorsal sell
  3. Cavernous sinus
  4. Optic canal/ fissure
  5. Orbital fissure
  6. Round and oval foramina
  7. Alar canal
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20
Q

occipital bones contain

A
  1. Tentorium osseum
  2. Tentorium cerebelli
  3. Foramen magnum
  4. Basioccipital bone
  5. Hypoglossal canal
  6. Jugular formane
  7. Tympano-occipital fissure
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21
Q

Tentorium osseum

A

D bony process extending into cr cavity

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22
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

reflection/ fold dura matter; attached at tentorium osseum

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23
Q

foramen magnum

A

spinal cord emerges through this opening

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24
Q

basioccipital bone

A

cd 1/3 base braincase; pons and medulla sit on this

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25
Q

hypoglossal canal

A

CN XII exits cr cavity here

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26
Q

jugular foramen

A

at articulation basioccipital bone and petrous temporal bone

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27
Q

what exit cranial cavity through jugular foramen

A

CN IX, X, XI, sigmoid sinus

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28
Q

tympano-occipital fissure

A

at junction of basioccipital bone and tympanic bulla

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29
Q

what transverses tympani-occipital fissure

A

CN IX, X, XI, and internal carotid artery, internal jug vein, vertebral vein, and symp fibers from cr cervical ganglion

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30
Q

parietal bones

A

overlie cerebrum cd dorsally

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31
Q

frontal bones

A

overlie cerebrum rostrally; form medial orbital wall; contains frontal sinus

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32
Q

temporal bones

A

form large part ventrolateral braincase

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33
Q

parts temporal pones

A

tympanic part, squamous part, petrosal part

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34
Q

tympanic part

A

includes middle ear, doesn’t contribute to braincase, retroarticular foramen, carotid canal

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35
Q

retroarticular foramen

A

formed at junction with squamous pt temporal bone

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36
Q

carotid canal

A

at junction with basioccipital bone; contains int carotid artery and symp post ganglionic axons from cr cervical ganglion; these structures travel from tympanooccipital fissure to cavernous sinus w/ in cr cavity

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37
Q

squamous part

A

articulates with sphenoid, parietal, and occipital bones; overlies temporal lobe neocortex

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38
Q

petrosal part

A

aka petrosal temporal bone

  • petrosal crest= dorsally located
  • borders: lat aspect pons and medulla, and cerebellum
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39
Q

petrosal part encases

A

cochlear ducts and vestibular apparatus

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40
Q

what CN fibers does petrosal part temporal bone carry

A

fibers CN VIII and CN VII; CNV passes through groove cr cavity w/ in PTB

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41
Q

CN VIII

A

enters cr cavity via int acoustic meatus= foramen on medial aspect PTB

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42
Q

CN VII

A

axons exit cr cavity via int acoustic meatus -> PTB in facial canal -> stylomastoid foramen -> exit skull

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43
Q

CN V

A

passes through groove cr canal with in PTB

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44
Q

trigeminal ganlglia location

A

located at rostral tip PTB

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45
Q

Jugular foramen

A

at junction basioccipital bone with PTB

46
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

attached at petrosal crest to PTB

47
Q

calvaria

A

D portion./ roof of braincase

48
Q

meninges

A

3 CT layers surrounding brain and spinal cord

49
Q

meningeal layers

A

dura matter, arachnid, Pia matter

50
Q

dura matter

A

fibrous outer meningeal layer= collagenous CT

51
Q

arachnoid

A

btwn pia and dura; spans sulci, doesn’t follow surface of brain as closely as pia

52
Q

pia matter

A

inner most layer; delicate permeable CT layer; tightly adhered to surface brain and spinal cord tissue

53
Q

dura in skull

A

2 fused layers; periosteal layer and meningeal layer; no epidural space bc periosteal layer fused to skull

54
Q

periosteal layer dura in skull

A

periosteum of bone fused to inner surface of brain case

55
Q

meningeal layer dura in skull

A

inner layer= fused to periosteal layer except at venous sinuses and dural reflections

56
Q

dura in vertebral colum

A

dura only one layer meningeal layer; has epidural space

57
Q

epidural space

A

between meningeal layer dura and periosteum of vertebrea

58
Q

inaccurate ligaments

A

D border epidural space btwn vertebral arches

59
Q

epidural space contains

A

fat and internal vertebral venous plexus = system veins convey bld cr cavity and spinal cord -> systemic veins

60
Q

epidural space clinical use

A

can inject drugs into this space to inactivate NT or modulate nocioceptiv (pain) transmission

61
Q

dural reflections

A

w/ in cr cavity composed of meningeal dura that separates from periosteal dura forming shelf CT w/ in CR cavity

  • falx cerebri
  • tentorium cerebelli
62
Q

falx cerebri

A

separates L and R cerebral hemispheres; contains D sagittal sinus

63
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A
  • separates occipital lobe and cerebellum

- spans gap btwn tenurial process occipital bone and petrosal crest

64
Q

transverse sinus

A

at junction of tentorium and occipital/ parietal bones

65
Q

straight sinus

A

at junction of falx cerebra and tentorium cerebelli

66
Q

dorsal sinuses

A

venous channels between layers meningeal dura where diverge from periosteal dura; cerebral veins empty into sinuses, convey blood to peripheral veins

67
Q

arachnoid cell type

A

fibroblast derived cells interconnected by tight junctions

-> barrier

68
Q

arachnoid attachment to meningeal dura

A

attach via inter-cellular connections

69
Q

subdural hematoma

A

hemorrhage with in tissue near junction meningeal dura matter and arachnoid layer -> traumatic separation tissue layers called subdural hematoma (space between these two layers should normally be a potential space in this case the space exists because there is hemorrhage)

70
Q

arrachnoid connection to pia matter

A

via collagenous trabeculae= extends through subarachnoid space

71
Q

subarachnoid space

A

between pia matter and arachnoid contains blood vessels and CSF

72
Q

subarachnoid space uses

A

can inject contrast material into here -> enhanced imaging studies; can collect CSF from here in taps

73
Q

subarachnoid cisterns

A

regions where subarachnoid space is larger because increased separation between pia and arachnoid cellular layer

74
Q

cerebromedullary cistern

A

angle between cd cerebellum and dorsal brainstem accept for CSF tap via AO space

75
Q

lumbar cistern

A

region subarachnoid space extends cd to conus medullar is; contains CSF; film terminals and spinal roots cada equina

76
Q

pia matter

A

closely follows contours NT into sulci; blood vessels lie on surface pia matter in subarachnoid space

77
Q

Fossae

A

rostra cranial l, middle cranial, cd cr fossae

78
Q

Rostral cranial fossae floor

A

formed by presphenoid bone

79
Q

rostral cranial fossae rostral boundary

A

cribriform plate

80
Q

rostral cranial fossae laterally bounded by

A

frontal bone

81
Q

optic chiasm

A

at cd boundary rostral cr fossae with middle cr fossae

82
Q

rostral cranial fossae contains

A

olfactory bulb, olfactory peduncle, frontal lobe, optic nerves

83
Q

rostral cranial fossae is D to

A

presphenoid bone

84
Q

middle cr fossae floor

A

formed by basisphenoid bone

85
Q

middle cr fossae cd boudnary

A

dorsal sellae

86
Q

middle cr fossae laterally bounded by

A

wings basisphenoid bone

87
Q

middle cr fossae incldues area

A

lateral to petrosal crest and medial ot squamous temporal bone

88
Q

middle cr fossae contains

A

pituitary gland (hypophyseal fossa), diencephalon, cavernous sinus (and all tis cr nerve and vasculaar contents), piriform and temporal lobes more laterally, crus cerebri

89
Q

crus cerebra and middle cr fossae and cd cranial fossae

A

crus cerebri straddle the dorsal sell at junction with cd cr fossae

90
Q

CNs of middle cr fossae

A

III, IV, V1, V2, VI, symp post ganglionic fibers -> face

91
Q

middle cr fosse vasculature

A

int carotid arteries, maxillary artery (forming rete mirabel with in caverns sinus), veins drain face and nasal cavity

92
Q

cd cr fosse floor

A

formed largely by basioccipital bone

93
Q

cd cr fosse extends

A

lateral to petrosal crest/ PTB

94
Q

cd cr fosse dorsally bounded by

A

tentorium cerebelli

95
Q

cd cr fosse extends cdly to

A

foramen magnum

96
Q

cd cr fosse contains

A

cd brainstem and cerebellum

97
Q

cd cr fosse is D to

A

basioccipital bone

98
Q

brain divisions of cd cr fossae

A

mylencephalon, metencephalon, midbrain

99
Q

CNs of cd cr fossae

A

VI-X, XII (mylencephalon), CN V (metencephalon), III, IV

100
Q

sinus between

A

periosteal dura and meningeal dura

101
Q

meningeal layers order skull

A

periosteal dura, meningeal dura, arachnoid cell layer, subarachnoid space, pia matter

102
Q

ependymal cells

A

leaky, lack tight junctions

103
Q

choroid epithelium

A

not leaky, have tight junecitons

104
Q

CSF choroid plexus -> venous sinus

A

CSF in choroid plexus -> lat ventricle -> 3rd ventricle -> MA -> lat recess 4th ventricle -> lateral aperture -> subarachnoid space -> arachnoid villi/ granulation and venous sinuses

105
Q

Alternate paths CSF

A

CSF can also enter bran/ spinal cord tissues via ependymal cells (leaky) or pia matter and from there be absorbed by veins within the tissue, some CSF leaks out meningeal cuffs where roots spinal and cr nerves become peripheral nerves

106
Q

hydrocephalus

A

obstruction to flow of CSF through ventricles; Choroid plexus will produce CSF at steady rate despite obstruction preventing CSF leave ventricular system via lateral appetites -> ventricles enlarging

107
Q

what causes hydrocephalus

A

can occur bc CNS malformation, inflammation, or tumors

108
Q

what happens when hydrocephalus -> ventricles enlarging

A

ventricles enlarge b/c increase pressure with in ventricles -> compression brain tissue b/c limited capacity of cr cavity to expand

109
Q

common site of obstruction of CSF flow

A

mesencephalic aqueducs; common site of obstruction bc relatively narrow diameter

110
Q

flow of CSF

A

flows high pressure to low pressure therefore increased pressure can lead to herniation over tentum ceribelli and herniate into cd cr fossa and out foramen magnum -> disrupt brainstem fx
Can get herniation side to side across fall ceribri

111
Q

Can get herniation of brain from side to side across

A

falx cerebri

112
Q

cerebellomedullary cistern

A

angle between cd cerebellum and dorsal brainstem access for CSF tap via Atlanto-occipital space

Neuro Anatomy (17 decks)

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