week 7 nervous system Flashcards
Nuerons
Functional unit of NS
Conduct impulses (electrical signals)
Releases neurotransmitters
Nuergolia
Support, protect and nourish neurons
organs found in CNS
Brain and spinal cord
organs found in PNS
Nerves- cranial nerves and spinal nerves
motor function
-sending commands and actually RESPONDING to the integrative decisions
-Physical movement
-Carried out by motor neurons
integrative function
Analyzes sensory information and makes decisions on what to do
sensory function
-Sensory receptors detect changes from internal or external environment
-Sensory information travels from body to brain by sensory neurons
function frontal lobe
movement
thinking
judgment
emotions
memory
speaking
function of parietal lobe
right from left
sensation
reading
understands special relationships
function of occipital lobe
vision
colors
function of temporal lobe
language
behavior
memory
hearing
function of cerebellum
-coordinates skeletal muscle movements
-maintains posture and balance
-process impulses
function of medulla oblongata
relays motor and sensory information from brain and spinal cord
purpose/location of meninges
Protect brain and spinal cord
dura mater/archoid/ pia mater
How does sensory info get to CNS
“Sensory pathway”
1-sensory receptor gets info
2- receptor sends electric signal to sensory neuron
3-sensory neuron sends info to brain/spinal cord
Motor pathway
“response”
1-motor neuron will stimulate other motor neurons in CNS
2- last neuron will stimulate “target tissue” and tissue will respond
function of dendrite
branched processes that extend to cytoplasm
respond to stimuli and conduct nerve impulses TO cell body
function of cell body
Receives stimuli which “excites” the neuron
function of axon
Conduct impulses AWAY from cell body to the end of the axon to communicate with another cell
function of axon terminal
end of axon
releases neurotransmitters to other cells
Somatic nervous system
Voluntary control
supplies skeletal muscle with nerves
-supplies hearing vision taste and smell to CNS
-conduct CNS to skeletal muscles
autonomic nervous system
-involuntary control
-supplies glands, smooth and cardiac muscle with nerves
-convey information from autonomic sensory receptors to CNS
autonomic-Sympathetic division
-Supports physical activity and produces ATP
-reduced functions to store energy when needed
-“fight or flight “ response
autonomic-Parasympathetic divison
“rest and digest” functions
-restore energy during rest and recovery
-decrease heart rate
cerebralspinal fluid
Shock absorber
Chemical protection\
Removes waste from nervous tissue
gray matter
composed of neuron cell bodies dendrites, unmyelated axons and neuroglia
white matter
composed of myelinated axons, dendrites and neuralgia, form tracts in CNS
how many pairs of spinal nerves
31- each serves a particular area in body
Why are spinal nerves called “mixed”
nerves?
has both sensory and motor neurons
Which neurons are in the anterior root
motor nuerons
which neurons are in the posterior
root?
sensory nuerons
cervical plexus
supplies head and neck structures
brachial plexus
supplies upper extremity and some neck and shoulder muscles
lumbar plexus
lower abdomen and anterior and medial portions of lower extremity
sacral plexus
innervates lower back, pelvis, perineum, posterior thigh and leg, dorsal and plantar foot
Reflexes
Rapid, automatic responses to stimuli
nureal reflex
-Sensory fibers carry info from sensory receptors to interneurons
-info goes to spine
-motor fibers carry motor commands
Relex arc
“wiring” of a single reflex from receptor to target tissue
olfactory nerve function
Smell
optic nerve function
Vision
oculomotor nerve function
moves most eye muscles/ controls pupil constriction
trochlear nerve function
innervates superior oblique muscle of eyeball
Trigeminal nerve function
sensory for face and motor to muscles of mastication/chewing
Abducens nerve function
motor to lateral rectus muscle
facial nerve function
motor to muscles of facial expression
tears/salivation
taste on 2/3 tongue
Vestibulocochlear nerve function
hearing and equilibrium
Glossopharyngeal nerve function
stimulates swallowing
vagus nerve function
swallowing and phonation
accessory nerve function
muscles that move head
Hypoglossal nerve function
instrisic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
Frontal lobe
front brain
1
parietal lobe
middle of brain
2
temporal lobe
side brain
3
occipital lobe
back brain
4
pre central gyrus
above frontal lobe
5
post central gyrus
behind pre
6
central sulcus
divides pre and post central gyrus
7
longtitudal fissure
cut down middle of brain
8
thalamus
middle ish part of inside
9
hypothalamus
stemming out part of thalamus
10
pituitary gland
gland to the left of hypo
11
pineal gland
gland to the right
12
corpus collosum
c shaped
13
midbrain
top part of stem
14
pons
middle of stem
15
medulla oblongata
bottom stem
16
cerebellum
big thingy on side
17
lateral ventricles
big hole on top
18
3rd ventricle
along with thalamus
19
4th ventricle
bottom hole
20
cerebral aqueduct
leads from 3rd to 4th ventrile
21
arachnoid matter
inside stuff
22
pia matter
super inside stuff
23
dura mater
outside stuff
24
posterior root
root towards front
25
anterior root
root in da back
26
posterior root ganglion
big thing root leads to
27
gray matter
gray
28
white matter
white
29
spinal nerve
branching out of thing
30
epidural space
space in vertebrae
31
median nerve
middle of forearm
32
axillary nerve
by deltoid
33
musculocutaneous nerve
upper arm to side
34
radial nerve
on side of thumb
35
ulnar nerve
on side of pinky
36
sciatic nerve
long nerve top of leg
37
tibial nerve
along bottom of leg close to pink toe
38
common fibular nerve
extends off siatic
39
femoral nerve
only one on front
40
