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gen. Anat > week 4- skeletal system > Flashcards

week 4- skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the skeletal system

A

Support
Storage of minerals
Blood cell production
Protection
Leverage for movement

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2
Q

how many bones

A

206

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3
Q

divisions of skeletal system

A

axial and appendicular

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4
Q

axial skeleton

A

Composed of bones that form axis of body
and support structures/organs of head, neck
and trunk
Skull + ear bones
Hyoid bone
Vertebral column + rib cage

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5
Q

Vertebral column

A

supports the skull and trunk
* allows for their movement
* protects of spinal cord
* absorbs stress of walking, running, and lifting
* provides attachments for limbs thoracic cage, and
postural muscles

7c+12T+5L + sacrum+cocyx

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6
Q

Appendicular

A

Composed of upper and lower extremities
and girdles that attach extremities to axial
skeleton
1. Pectoral girdle: scapula and clavicle
2. Upper extremities(arm bones)
3. Pelvis bones

  1. Lower extremities (leg bones)
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7
Q

Compact Bone

A

(outer layer of all bones)
* Dense outer layer with specific organization
Strong along its length— provides support protection and movement

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8
Q

osteon

A

functional unit of compact bone

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9
Q

Spongy Bone

A

Located where bones not heavily stressed or in
many directions
contains red bone marrow and blood vessels
Makes bones lighter

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10
Q
  • Red bone marrow:
A

produces blood cells

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11
Q

osteocyte

A

Mature bone cells that cannot divide
made from osteoblast buildup

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12
Q

osteoblast

A

Produce/secrete new bony matrix (osteogenesis
or ossification)
Required for: bone formation, bone growth, fracture
repair and remodeling

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13
Q

osteoclast

A

Break down bone: remove and remodel bone
matrix (fracture repair and release of calcium)

Release acids and proteolytic enzymes to
dissolve matrix and release stored minerals
(calcium and phosphate)

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14
Q

Bone matrix inorganic

A

Inorganic: Calcium phosphate salts
* Interacts with calcium hydroxide to
form crystals of hydroxyapatite salts
* Incorporates other salts and ions

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15
Q

Bone matrix (organic)

A

cells are surrounded by matrix
* Organic: Collagen fibers (proteins) and
carbohydrates
* Provide flexibility

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16
Q

Flat Bone

A

Thin, roughly parallel surfaces
• Examples: cranial bones, sternum

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17
Q

sutural Bone

A

Irregular bones formed between cranial bones
examples: coronal suture

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18
Q

Long Bone

A

Relatively long and slender
• Examples: most bones of the limbs(FEMUR)

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19
Q

Irregular Bones

A

Complex shapes usually with many areas for attachment of muscles
• Examples: vertebrae, bones of pelvis, facial bones

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20
Q

Semasoid Bone

A

Small, flat, and somewhat shaped like sesame seed
• Patella is found in everyone

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21
Q

Short Bone

A

small and boxy
* Examples: bones of the wrist (carpals) and ankles (tarsal)

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22
Q

how many of each type of vertebrae

A

7-Cervical
12-Thoracic
5-Lumbar

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23
Q

4 natural curves of spine

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral

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24
Q

Endochondrial bone formation

A

Hyaline cartilage, used as a small model of skeleton, is replaced by bone, only leaving behind epiphyseal plate and articular cartilage

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25
Q

Intramembraneous bone formation

A

Begins as mesenchymal (stem) cells differentiate
into osteoblasts within mesenchymal
(embryonic) or fibrous connective tissue

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26
Q

Epiphyseal plates

A

where bones grow in length

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27
Q

POLB Diaphysis

A

shaft—long portion)
• Contains medullary cavity (marrow cavity)
• Lined with marrow
• Red bone marrow (blood cell production)
• Yellow bone marrow (adipose storage)

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28
Q

POLB epiphysis

A

(expanded ends of long bones)
• Consist largely of inner spongy bone (trabecular bone)
• Network of struts and plates
• Resists forces from various directions and directs body weight to
diaphysis and joints
• Spongy bone located here has red bone marrow

29
Q

POLB articular cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage)
• Covers portions of epiphysis that form articulations/joints

30
Q

POLB metaphysis

A

connects epiphysis to shaft

31
Q

POLB epipyseal plate

A

Found between Diaphysis and Epiphysis
• Consists of hyaline cartilage
• Allows for growth in length.

32
Q

POLB Periosteum

A

connective tissue that covers bone

33
Q

Periosteum

A

Isolate bone from surrounding tissues
2. Route for blood and nervous supply
3. Actively participate in bone growth (width)

34
Q

1-Foramen Magnum

A

Hole open in head that spine goes through

35
Q

2-Occipital condyles

A

Outlining foramen magnum

36
Q

3-Temporomadibular joint

A

Joint connecting jaw to temporal bone

37
Q

4-external acoustic meatus

A

small divot by TMJ joint

38
Q

5-mastoid process

A

Spikey part on temporal bone

39
Q

7-Zygomatic bone

A

cheek bone

40
Q

6-zygomatic process

A

connection between cheek and temporal bone

41
Q

8-nasal bone

A

nose bone

42
Q

9-palatine bone

A

Under jaw, flipped skull

43
Q

10-sagittal suture

A

suture down skull

44
Q

11-Coronal suture

A

suture across front of skull

45
Q

12-lambdoid suture

A

suture across bottom of skull

46
Q

13-sphenoid bone

A

on inside of skull, bat shaped piece

47
Q

14-sella turcica

A

on inside of skull, where you fit pinky in, base of sephnoid bone

48
Q

15-Spinous process

A

Part of spine that sticks out, you can feel it

49
Q

16-vertebral body

A

big body part of spine, thick one

50
Q

17-transvers process

A

part of spine that sticks out laterally

51
Q

18-vertebral foramen

A

hole in every vertebrae, where stick goes in skeleton

52
Q

19-intervertebral foramen

A

Small circular holes in spine, from the side

53
Q

20-Sacral foramina

A

holes in sacrum

54
Q

21-Iliac crest

A

top of pelvis

55
Q

22-posterior superior iliac spine

A

from backend of pelvis, closest to sacrum

56
Q

23-anterior superior iliac spine

A

from front, end of pelvis that is most stuck out

57
Q

24-sacro iliac joint

A

Joines pelvis and spine

58
Q

25-acteabelum

A

under pelvis where femur sits

59
Q

26-ischial tuberosity

A

ishuim

60
Q

27-pubic symphysis

A

pubis

61
Q

28-manubruim

A

top of sternum

62
Q

29-Body

A

body of sternum

63
Q

30-Xiphoid process

A

very bottom of sternum

64
Q

31-sternal notch

A

curve in manubrum of sternum

65
Q

32-AC joint

A

connects clavicle to sternum

66
Q

33-acromion

A

scapula part where ac joint connects

67
Q

34-glenoid cavity

A

where the humerus sits

68
Q

35-coracoid process

A

bone most stuck out on scapula from front

69
Q

scapular spine

A

very back of scapula

gen. Anat (13 decks)

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