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gen. Anat > week 13 digestive and urinary > Flashcards

week 13 digestive and urinary Flashcards

1
Q

path of food through all structures of the GI tract

A

Mouth
Pharynx
esophagus
lower esophageal sphincter
Stomach
Pyloric sphincter
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
ileocecal valve
cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anal canal
anus

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2
Q

purpose of the digestive system?

A

system that processes food, extracts nutrients, and eliminates the residue

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3
Q

Why do we need nutrients?

A

Need for cellular metabolism
need for anabolism and catabolism
act as building blocks in cells/tissues

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4
Q

mucosa gi tract

A

innermost layer
Help with absorption of nutrients

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5
Q

Submucosa gi tract

A

second inner layer
contains blood and lymph vessels

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6
Q

Muscularis externa gi tract

A

inner circular layer of smooth muscle
outer longtitudal layer of smooth muscle

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7
Q

serosa gi tract

A

our protective layer that covers muscularis externa

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8
Q

processes of mechanical digestion

A

Physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces
Cutting/grinding teeth
churning of stomach
exposes food to digestive enzymes

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9
Q

processes of chemical digestion

A

series of chemical reactions that breaks molecules into smaller molecules the body/cells can use
sugars into glucose
proteins into amino acids
fats into glycerol
nucleic acids into nucleotides

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10
Q

amylase

A

helps you digest carbohydrates

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11
Q

pepsin

A

breaks down proteins

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12
Q

lipase

A

break down fats in food

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13
Q

what occurs in absorption

A

broken down molecules molecules from GI tract into blood or lymph

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14
Q

mouth function

A

Begins digestion by breaking up food and mixing with saliva

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15
Q

salivary glands function

A

secrete saliva to start chemical digestion

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16
Q

stomach function

A

starts chemical digestion
receives food from esophagus
mixes food with chemicals
transports food to small intestine

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17
Q

stomach secretions

A

pepsinogen
gastric lipase
hydrochloric acid
mucus

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18
Q

small intestine function

A

Chemical digestion is completed in small intestine
most absolution of nutrients occurs in small intestine

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19
Q

large intestine function

A

Absorbs water and electrolytes
breakdown of remaining substances
forms and stores feces

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20
Q

pancreas function

A

-assist in chemical digestion
-pancreatic amylase-digest carbohydrates
-trypsin/chymotrypsin-digest proteins
-pancreatic lipase-digest fats

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21
Q

liver function

A

secretes bile that breaks down fats in small intestine

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22
Q

gallbladder function

A

temporarily stores bile

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23
Q

peritoneum

A

Protective and supportive structures for GI organs in abdimoplevic cavity

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24
Q

4 peritoneum structures

A

Greater omentum
Lesser omentum
Mesentry
mesocolon

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25
Q

mechanisms of swallowing

A

tongue pushes food to pharynx-voluntary
food goes from pharynx to esophagus to stomach-involuntaay

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26
Q

mechanisms of vomiting

A

medulla oblongata stimulated
squeezing of stomach between diaphragm and abdominal muscles

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27
Q

mechanisms of defacation

A

when material enters rectum, distention of rectal wall stimulates
stretch receptors which then trigger
defecation reflex

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28
Q

formation of urine function

A

cleans blood plasma of metabolic waste by filtration

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29
Q

what are the three primary
nitrogenous wastes

A

urea, uric acid, creatinine

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30
Q

control of blood volume function

A

by conserving or eliminating more fluid from blood

31
Q

control of blood pressure function

A

by regulating blood volume and excreting renin

32
Q

control of blood pH function

A

excreting hydrogen ions into
urine and conserving bicarbonate ions

33
Q

purpose of the nephron

A

Form urine from filtered blood

34
Q

where are nephrons located in the kidneys

A

found in cortex and medulla

35
Q

What is urine formed from?

A

metabolic wastes in blood

36
Q

process of filtration

A

remove toxins from blood

37
Q

process of secretion

A

Substances from blood surrounding the tubule are directly added to the filtrate to be excreted as urine

38
Q

process of reabsorption

A

substances that were filtered can be reabsorbed since they
need to move from the tubule BACK to the blood

39
Q

excretion of urine

A

collecting ducts to
* Papillary ducts to
* Minor calyces to
* Major calyces to
* Renal pelvis to
* Ureters to
* Urinary bladder to
* Single urethra to
external urethral orifice

40
Q

paratoid gland

A

1

41
Q

sublingual gland

A

2

42
Q

submandibular gland

A

3

43
Q

pharynx

A

4

44
Q

lower esophageal sphincter

A

5

45
Q

esophagus

A

6

46
Q

fundus of stomach

A

7

47
Q

body of stomach

A

8

48
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

9

49
Q

duodenum

A

10

50
Q

jejenum

A

11

51
Q

ileum

A

12

52
Q

ileocecal valve

A

13

53
Q

cecum

A

14

54
Q

appendix

A

15

55
Q

ascending colon

A

16

56
Q

transverse colon

A

17

57
Q

descending colon

A

18

58
Q

sigmoid colon

A

19

59
Q

rectum

A

20

60
Q

anal canal

A

21

61
Q

anus

A

22

62
Q

right lobe of liver

A

23

63
Q

left lobe of liver

A

24

64
Q

gallblader

A

26

65
Q

common hepatic duct, cystic duct, common bile duct

A

paper

66
Q

pancreas
pancreatic duct

A

29
30

67
Q

kidneys

A

1

68
Q

renal pyrmid

A

2

69
Q

major calyx

A

3

70
Q

minor calyx

A

4

71
Q

renal pelvis

A

5

72
Q

urethra
external urethral orifice

A

paper

73
Q

Glomerular capsule
Glomerulus
Proximal convoluted tubule
Nephron Loop
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct

A

paper

gen. Anat (13 decks)

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