week 12 respiratory Flashcards
Trace a drop of air through all of the structures the air travels through
Nostrils
Nasal cavity
Nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharnx
larynx
trachea
primary bronchi
secondary bronchi
teritory bronchi
bronchiole
terminal bronchiole
respiratory bronchiole
alveolar duct
alveolar sac
alveoli
general functions of respiratory system
Provides pulmonary gas exchange
Regulate blood PH
contains receptors for smell
filters inspired air
produces sound for vocalization
pulmonary gas exchange
-Oxygen will travel from the alveoli into the
pulmonary capillaries
-Blood coming to the lungs is high in CO2 so
CO2 will travel from the pulmonary capillaries
into the alveoli to be exhaled
-Blood then goes to left side of heart
(Blood gets oxygenated)
systemic gas exchange
-The blood that leaves the left side of the heart travels via systemic arteries to the tissues is high in oxygen
- The systemic capillaries will give Oxygen to the tissues
-The systemic capillaries will pick up CO2 and waste products from the tissues and return that blood to the heart via the systemic veins
functions of epiglottis
closes off larynx so food doesn’t enter respiratory tract
if the epiglottis fails to work properly, what could happen?
breathing or respiratory failure
2 pleural membranes and their location
parietal pleura- lines thoracic cavity
visceral pleura-covers lungs
What is the pleural space, what is it filled with and
what is its purpose?
between 2 layers of lungs
contains plural fluid
decreases friction between membranes
general structures of upper respiratory system
nose
pharynx
larynx
tonsils/sinuses
General structures of lower respiratory system
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli
Describe processes of mechanical inhalation
-Diaphragm contracts(phrenic nerve)—which flattens the muscle bringing the lung tissue with it
-This means, if the volume of the lungs is INCREASED (as in inspiration), the pressure will be DECREASED
-Now, air can flow from higher pressure
(outside of lungs) to lower pressure (inside
of lungs)
Describe processes of mechanical exhalation
-Diaphragm relaxes
-as volume of lungs is DECREASED, pressure in lungs in
INCREASED therefore air is force out
What is the primary purpose of inhalation?
Bring oxygen into alveoli so that oxygen can enter pulmonary capillaries
What is the primary purpose of exhalation
breath out co2 that entered alveoli from pulmonary capillaries
What tissues make up the airway
pseudostrasified columnar cells
smooth muscle
cartilage
what is significant about smooth muscle?
helps regulate airway caliber
Which muscles are involved in forced inspiration and expiration
Diaphragm-phrenic nerve
external intercostals-intercostals nerve
SCM,scalene muscle, pec minor
primary area of respiratory control in brain.
medulla oblongata
Tidal volume
Volume of one breath in or out of respiratory tract during normal respiration
residual volume
volume remaining in respiratory tract after maximal expiration
inspiratory reserve volume
maximum volume that can be moved into respiratory tract after normal inspiration
expiratory reserve volume
maximum volume that can be moved OUT OF respiratory tract after normal inspiration
vital capacity
Largest amount of air that can be moved IN and OUT of lungs- tv+IRV+ERV
total lung capacity
total volume of air the lung can hold
RV+TV+IRV+ERV
paranasal sinuses
lighten wright of head
heat inhaled air
increase resonance of speech
could protect internal structures
pharynx/throat function
passageway for food and air
