Week 6 Muscles Flashcards
Characteristics of muscle tissue
Responsiveness
conductive
contractive
extensible
elasticity
Cardiac muscle
involuntary and autorhytmic
In heart propelling blood through blood vessels
Smooth muscle
involuntary
Moves substances
Move fluids and solids along digestive tract
Moves air in respiratory tract
Regulate control blood flow
Skeletal muscle
Voluntary
Produce skeletal movements
Maintain posture and body position
Support soft tissues
Guard entrances and exits
Maintain body temperature
Provide nutrient reserves
origin
Fixed attachment (usually on the bone that is stationary during the
muscle action) muscles proximal attachment
insertion
muscles distal attachment
action
Specific movement the muscle allows
Transverse tubules,
penetrate through a cell and emerges on the other side—allow for action potential to travel deep in the cell
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
stores calcium
Thick filament
associated with the contractile protein called Myosin
Thin Filament
associated with the contractile protein called Actin
Sacromere
a unit of overlapping actin and myosin
—it is the contractile unit in a muscle cell
slow cells
adapted for a slower contraction that can be sustained;use oxygen only to make ATP
Intermediate cells
intermediate contraction and endurance
Fast cells
adapted for a very quick contraction; don’t use oxygen to make ATP
innervention
The innervation of a muscle refers to the name of the nerve that stimulates it
Hypertrophy
Increase in muscle size due to an increase in the
size of the muscle cells
atrophy
Decrease in muscle size, tone, and power
isometric contraction
contrasting muscle but not moving joint-plank
isotonic contraction
muscle moving with no change in weight
sarcoplasm
cytoplasm of a muscle cell
myofibrils
long protein bundles that occupy the main portion of the sarcoplasm
sarcolemma
cell membrane of a muscle cell
Endomysium
Surrounds individual muscle cells/ fibers
Contains capillaries, myosatellite (stem) cells, and axons of neurons that control muscle fibers
How a skeletal muscle contracts
A nerve “stimulates” the skeletal
muscle cell
* This causes an electrical signal to travel
into the skeletal muscle cell
* Calcium and ATP allow myosin to bind to actin
* , myosin will pull actin inward
* This will shorten the sarcomere .
* As all of the sarcomeres shorten in the individual muscle cell—the entire muscle cell shortens
* If enough of the muscle cells in a muscle shorten, the entire
muscle will shorten
Perimysium
Surrounds bundles of muscle cells
* Contains collagen and elastin fibers, blood vessels, and nerves
Epimysium
Surrounds entire muscle
Separates muscle from surrounding tissues and organs
tendon
attach muscle to bone
Prime mover
“agonist” Muscle whose contraction chiefly responsible for
producing particular movement
Prime antagonist
Muscle whose action opposes particular
agonist. This muscle must yield to the agonist
for a contraction to occur
synergist
Muscle that helps larger agonist work efficiently
gastrocnemius function
Plantarfleion of ankle
triceps brachii function
Extends elbow
pectoralis major function
abduct shoulder
gluteus maximus function
extension of hip
gluteus medius function
adduction of hip
trapezius function
extends neck, lateral flexion of neck and shrug (elevate) shoulders
hamstring muscles function
flexes knee
deltoid and supraspinatus function
extends shoulder and abduct shoulder
biceps brachii function
flexes elbow
quadriceps muscles functions
extends knee
tibialis anterior functions
dorsiflexion of ankle
latissimus dorsi functions
flexes and adducts shoulder
sternocladamastoid
muscle on neck that extends up
temporalis
by temporal bone, on side of head
massetar
on jaw
pectoralis major
on your peck
trapezius
triangle thing on back, large on top of back
rhomboid major
below rhomboid minor, rhombus shaped by scapula
rhomboid minor
above rhomboid major, smaller rhombus
latissimus dorsi
super big muscle on back
rectus abdominus
abs
diaphragm
on outside of abs
subscapularis
very deep, on inside of scapula
supraspinatus
on posterior, above the second scapular bone
infraspinatus
on posterior, below second scapular bone
teres minor
on posterior, above teres major, connects to bone
teres major
below teres minor, connects scapula to arm ish
deltoid
on posterior, triangle by shoulder
biceps brachii
inside of arm on top
triceps brachii
outside of arm on top
brachioradialis
inside of arm-muscle on bottom by wrist
wrist extensors
wrist, outside arm
wrist flexors
inside arm, by wrist
psoas major
by hip, connects femur to spine
gluteus maximus
posterior thigh, big circular muscle
gluteus medius
top of posterior thigh, white stuff above gluteus Maximus
adductor longus
connects femur to circle in pelvis
sartorius
anterior thigh- muscle that goes Across leg
gracilis
bottom most muscle on hip picture, connects femur to pubis symphasis
semitendinosus
posterior thigh, middle muscle
biceps femoris
posterior thigh, all the way to right muscle
rectus femoris
anterior thigh- big muscle connecting to patella
vastus medialis
anterior thigh- bottom big muscle closest to patella
vastus lateralis
anterior thigh- muscle on lateral side, all the way to left
vastus intermedius
anterior thigh-deep to rectus femoris
gastrocnemius
hamstring
soleus
small muscles on outside of hamstring
tibialis anterior
muscle on tubia, front of bottom leg
fibularis longus
on side of leg, long muscle on side
extensor digitorum longus
on front of bottom leg, on outside of tibias anterior
semimembranosus
posterior thigh, all the way to left muscle
