week 1. body region Flashcards
What is Homeostasis
is the ability to maintain a constant internal environment (optimal functioning) in response to environmental changes. Body stays at equilibrium
What helps body Maintain Homeostasis
All body systems work together to maintain homeostasis
Levels of organization in human body
Atoms->molecules->macromolecules->organelles->cells->tissues->organs->systems->organism
Atoms
he smallest particles with unique chemical
identities
Molecules
make up organelles and other cellular
components
macromolecules
proteins, carbohydrates, fats,
DNA
Organelles
microscopic structures in a cell that carry
out its individual functions
Cells
the smallest units of an organism that carry out
all the basic functions of life
Tissues
a mass of similar cells and cell products that
form discrete region of an organ and performs a
specific function
Organ
structure composed of two or more tissue
types that work together to carry out a particular
function
Organ System
Human body made of system
Organism
complete individual
Integumentary system
Skin and accessory structures
Protection, temperature control, sensory functions
skeletal system
Bones form a supportive framework for body, offer protection for organs, bone marrow produces blood cells, bones store minerals
Muscular
Skeletal muscle: attached to bones—provides body movement and heat production
Cardiac muscle: found in heart—pumps blood to the boday
Smooth muscle: found in blood vessels, hollow organs in GI tract, airways, and more—allows for movement of a substance
Nervous
Allows for communication between brain and spinal cord and other parts of the body
Endocrine
Uses chemicals called hormones to help regulate body functions
Includes endocrine glands such as pituitary, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and many more
Cardiovascular
Includes blood, blood vessels and heart
Transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones and other substances to body cells
Lymphatic
Works with the Cardiovascular system to remove excess fluid from tissues
Provides Immunity (protection against pathogens and invaders) via white blood cells and specialized structures
Digestive
Breaks down food (mechanical and chemical breakdown) into molecules (such as nutrients) that can be absorbed into the blood. The cells need these molecules to function. Digestive tract starts at mouth and ends at anus
Respiratory
Provides oxygen to the blood and eliminates carbon dioxide
from blood.
urinary
filters blood to remove waste
reproductive
production of sex cells
anatomical position
stand straight up, feet on floor, arms at side, palms out
Saggital plane
divides between Left and right regions
coronal plane
divides into anterior and posterior planes
transverse plane
superior and inferior plane
superior
towards the top
inferior
towards bottom
anterior
front of anatomical position
posterior
back of anatomical position
medial
midline of human body
lateral
farther away from midline of human body
superficial
closer to surface
deep
farther from surface
proximal
closer to the attachment of the trunk
distal
farther from attachment of trunk
axial
head neck and trunk
appendicular
upper and lower extremities
Cranial cavity
contains the brain
vertebral cavity
contains the spine
thoracic cavity
contains the lungs
abdominal cavity
digestive organs like stomach
pelvic cavity
pelvis
serous membrane
allows organs to slide over each other without harming each other
Cephallic region
refers to whole head
facial region
refers to face
buccal region
cheek
otic region
ears
ocular region
eyes
mental region
chin
cranial region
skull
cervical region
neck
thoracic
chest
umbilical
belly button
abdominal
abs
pelvic
pelvis region
inguinal
V shaped by pelvis
pubic
under pelvis
axillary
arm pit
brachial
upper arm
antecubital
elbow
antebrachial
lower arm
carpal
wrist
palmar
palm of hand
digital?phalangeal
fingers
patellar
knee cap
femoral
upper leg
crural
front lower leg
tarsal
ankle
dorsum
top of foot
pedal
whole foot
popliteal
back knee
sural
back lower leg
plantar
bottom of foot
calcaneal
heel
lumbar
bottom back
