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GFP :0 > Week 7 Grazing Management 1 > Flashcards

Week 7 Grazing Management 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is The simplest and most financially rewarding system
of milk production is :

A

that based on grazed grass

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2
Q

Good grazing management =

A

long grazing season of
high quality feed @ low cost

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3
Q

Relationship between grass utilisation
and profit:
+1t grass utilised can increase profitability by
?? and ?? in drystock and dairy farms
respectively

A

€105/ha

€181/ha

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4
Q

A 10% increase in grazed grass in the diet,
reduces the cost of production by ??

A

2.5c/l

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5
Q

Profit per cow can be increased by ?? per cow
per day when the herd has access to grass earlier
in the spring

A

€2.70

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6
Q

Feed Consumption and estimated cost (€) to produce feed in 2024
Slide 7

A
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7
Q

What’s the Grass 10 campaign?

A

10t DM grass utilised=
Grass grown 10 grazings x 1,300kg DM/ha = 13 t DM grown

is down to :
-Soil fertility
-Ryegrass/clover content
-Management

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8
Q

10 t DM grass utilised:

A

Slide 8 graph can go the other way and can be utilized by 75%

-Grazing infrastructure
-Grazing management
-Grassland measurement

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9
Q

If you have a 600kg lactating cow
1-Whats the grass intake?
2-Whats the DMI?
3- Whats the area harvested?
4- How many bites?
5- How many bites per minute?
6- Ho many hours grazing
7- How much km walk?
8- How much of the BW are they eating?

A

1* Grass intake of 100-125 kg/d FW
2* DMI 15-19 kg/d
3* Area harvested 100-120 m2
4* 30,000 bites
5* 60 bites/minute
6* 7-9 hours grazing
7* 3 km walk
8* 2-3% BW

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10
Q

What are the 2 sorts of grazing systems?

A

1➢ Continuous grazing/continuous stocking

2➢ Rotational grazing
1. Creep grazing
2. Leader-Follower System

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11
Q

Continuous stocking:
1-Is there a set stocking rate?

2-When will tillers be grazed?

3- What is the rate for high sward densities?

4- Is it expensive?

5- What does this grazing reduce the risk of?

A

1* Set stocking or variable stocking

2* Individual tillers will be grazed every 10-30d
depending on SR

3* High sward densities ~ 30,000 tillers/m2

4* Low capital costs

5* Reduced risk of poaching

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12
Q

Whats the disadvantages with Traditional: continuous stocking

A

Difficult to get the correct grazing pressure

Inefficient conversion of grass to saleable product

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13
Q

What will undergrazing a paddock do? (3)

A

Under grazing will improve individual animal performance
➢ reduce the output per unit area and
➢ reduce sward quality

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14
Q

What will overgrazing a paddock do? (5)

A

➢ reduce the persistency of the sward
➢ weed ingress
➢ reduce yield
➢ decline in forage utilisation
➢ reduce individual animal performance

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15
Q

What is rotational grazing?

A
  • Grazing area is divided into a series of fields or
    paddocks that are grazed in rotation
  • After each grazing the paddock is rested
  • Rotation length: grazing period + rest period
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16
Q

Whats the objective of the UCD systems herd grazing platform?

A

To maximize cow performance
from grass while maintaining
pasture quality.
This will be achieved by:

➢ Allocating 17 paddocks

➢ 21d grass allocation

➢ Size can be variable – most are
approx. 1ha

➢ Two larger paddocks 1.24-
1.59ha

➢ Multiple access points

➢ Multiple drinkers

➢ Underpass

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17
Q

1-What does creep grazing allow?

2-What does it have more of?

3-It is easy or hard to manage?

4-Adapted to what system?

A

1-Allows young stock access to fresh pasture before
their dams

2-* More nutritious herbage and a reduced worm
burden

3-* Difficult to manage

4-* Adapted to a leader/follower system

18
Q

Is the leader follower system beneficial?

A

Leader/ follower grazing management would be
expected to benefit the leaders (calves), but to
disadvantage the followers (yearlings).

  • This is because the leaders always have an abundant
    herbage supply and have the opportunity to select the
    highest quality herbage
  • The followers on the other hand may occasionally have
    insufficient herbage and it is of lower quality because
    the leaders have selected the highest quality material.

(just put that all in to read ;))

19
Q

1- What is the leader/follower system suited to?

2- Whats it divided into?

3-What does the younger group get?

4- Whats the total time spend in each paddock?

5- What dictates the success of the system?

A

1* Suited to young dairy stock or beef cattle

2* Divided into two age classes

3* Younger group get access to the sward first

4* Total time spent on each paddock in a rotational
system should be < 4-5 days

5* Performance of the follower group will dictate
the success of the system

20
Q

The effect of grassland management on the
LWG (kg/day) of calves, cows and yearling
cattle

Conventional

Calves

Cows

Yearlings

A

Calves 1.2

Cows 0.16

Yearlings 0.88

21
Q

The effect of grassland management on the
LWG (kg/day) of calves, cows and yearling
cattle

Leader-Follower

Calves

Cows

Yearlings

A

Calves 1.2

Cows 0.30

Yearlings 1.07

22
Q

Strip grazing:

1- Whats this used within?

2- When is it used?

3- Why would it be used more often at these times of year?

4- what does it increase?

5- what does it reduce?

A

1* Used within a rotation
grazing system

2* Spring and autumn

3* During wet weather
constitutions

4* Increase grass utilisation

5* Reduce waste

6* Reduce poaching damage

23
Q

On off grazing what should you do with animals?

When is this used?

How long do dairy cows spend grazing?

A

➢ Animals graze for a limited period of time before
returning indoors

  • Used when need to restrict access to pasture e.g.
    heavy soils, heavy rainfall
  • Want to keep grass in the diet

➢ Dairy cow spends approx. 9-10 hours grazing

24
Q

When are the 2 main grazing bouts?

A

– 2 main grazing bouts
– Early morning (3hrs)
– Evening (3hrs)

25
Q

Cows consume what % of total daily intake between two periods??

A

80%

26
Q

Whats the most effective aid to good grazing management?

A

Grass budgeting with the use of grass cover
measurements was found to be the most
effective aid to good grazing management

27
Q

What should you match the grass supply on the farm to?

A

grass
demand of the grazing animal

28
Q

Where is grass budgeting more common?

A

More common on dairy farms
– More intensive management
– Allows for easier management

29
Q

Whats the 6 benefits of grass budgeting?

A
  • Match supply with demand
  • Identifies potential times of surplus and deficits
    before they occur
  • Maintain and control sward supply and quality
    during the grazing season
  • Better planning of grazing season
  • Maximise growth and utilisation
  • Identification of high and low producing pasture
30
Q

What do I need to budge grass?
Where do I start?

A
  1. Farm map
  2. Demand – Dairy Cows
  3. Grass Availability
  4. Assessment of herbage mass
31
Q

1-How much kg DM post calving is consumed?

2-Intake will increase by ?? DM/wk for 1st 6 weeks and by ?? DM/wk 12 until peak intake is reached

3-When is peak intake reached and what are the cows eating at peak?

4-How much are the cows consuming mid lactation?

5-How much is a dry cow consuming?

A

1* 10-14 kg DM post calving

2* Intake will increase by 0.80 kg DM/wk for 1st 6 weeks
and by 0.30kg DM/wk 12 until

3* peak intake is reached
during week 10-12 of the lactation Peak intake c. 16-20 kg DM

4* Mid-late lactation c.17kg DM

5* Dry cow 11kg DM

32
Q

Large Holstein her (600kg)
How much kg DM/Cow?

A

19-20

33
Q

High EBI Holstein herd 550kg
How much kg DM/Cow?

A

17-18 kg DM/Cow

34
Q

Jersey Crossbred herd 450-500kg
How much kg DM/Cow?

A

16-17 kg DM/Cow

35
Q

Early lactation - up to 8 weeks in milk :

A

3-4 kg DM less than figures previously mentioned

36
Q

Beef Demand:
During the first grazing rotation animals
should be offered a daily grass allowance of
?? of the animals’ body weight

A

2%

37
Q

Sheep Demand:
* Dry ewe/hogget:
* Weaned lamb:

A

1.2 to 1.6 kg DM/day

1.2 kg DM/day

38
Q

Whats the PBI tool kit?(7)

A
  • Weekly grass wedge data
  • Spring and autumn planners
  • Soil analysis and reseeding events
  • Annual grazing and silage tonnage
  • Fertilizer records
  • Feed budgets
39
Q

Whats new to the PBI toolkit?

A

– Nitrogen planner
– Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) calculator
– Farm mapping tool
– MoSt GG model

40
Q

What are the priority measurements of the PBI? (10)

A

➢Individual paddock covers (kg DM/ha)
➢Farm grass cover (kg/DM/ha or per cow)
➢Growth (kg DM/ha/day)
➢Target residual (cm or kg DM/ha)
➢Target pre grazing yield (kg DM/ha)
➢Stocking rate (animals grazing/ ha)
➢Demand/animal (kg DM/cow/day)
➢Daily demand at grass (kg demand/ha)
➢Rotation length (days)
➢Pasture quality (DMD, ME, CP etc.)

41
Q

In PBI how many measurements should be taken / year?

A

40 measures per annum

42
Q

Of the 25% in the Extensive category using PBI –
average number of measurements was ?

A

9
(Slide 51)

GFP :0 (13 decks)

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