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Pharm 1 > Week 7 Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Week 7 Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs used with patients with PCN allergies

A

Macrolides, lincosamides, glycopeptides, ketolides, lipopeptides
All similar to PCN but different structure

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2
Q

What is prescribed of client is hypersensitive to PCN?

A

Erythromycin (macrolide) (drug Choi e to treat mycoplasmal pneumonia and legionnaires disease

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3
Q

Macrolide

A

Broad spectrum antibiotics admin by PO and IV (infuse slowly)
Active against most gram + and some -

Excreted in bile, feces, urine

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4
Q

What do macrolide a treat?

A

Mild to moderate infections of respiratory tract, sinuses, GI tract, skin, soft tissue, STIs

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5
Q

Azithromycin use

A

Zithromax (for PCN allergic) resp. Infections, gonorrhea and skin infections

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6
Q

Azithromycin drug food interaction

A

Increase effect of warfarin, digoxin
Dec effects on PCNs Clindamycin

Peak levels reduces if taken with antacids at same time

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7
Q

Side effects of azithromycin

A

Anorexia,NVD, rash, tinnitus, and cramps, pruritis

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8
Q

Azithromycin adverse reactions and contraindications

A

Superinfection, vaginitis, stomitis, urticaria, hearing loss,

Hypersensitivity

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9
Q

Macrolide

A

Hepatoxicity can occur when taken in large doses but reversible when discontinued

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10
Q

Lincosamides

A

Have both bacteriostatic and bactericidal actions depending on dosage
Ex: lincomycin, clindamycin, pirlimycin

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11
Q

What is clindamycin more widely prescribed to?

A

Active against most gram +, not effective against gram -

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12
Q

Vancomycin

A

Used against drug res. Staph aureus in cardiac surgical prophylaxis for those w/PCN allergies

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13
Q

Vancomycin when given orally

A

not absorbed systemically and excreted in genes

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14
Q

Intermittent vancomycin

A

Should be diluted in 100 ml for 500 mg and 200 for 1 g

Administer 10mg/min or min of 60 min

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15
Q

What happens with rapid IV injection of vanco

A

Red neck syndrome

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16
Q

Vancomycin uses

A

Staph infections, drug res. S.aureus and cardiac prophylaxis

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17
Q

Vancomycin drug/food interaction

A

Dramamine can mask ototoxicity
Caution giving furosemide with vancomycin
Absorption can be decreased given with cholestyramine

18
Q

Side effects with vancomycin

A 
NVD
Rash
Dizziness
Fever 
Too rapid=red man syndrome
19
Q

Vanco adverse reactions

A

Nephrotoxicity,ototoxicity, neutropenia, eosinophilia, stevens Johnson syndrome, hypotension, tachycardia

20
Q

Vaco excretion

A

PO-fences

IV- urine

21
Q

Tetracycline use

A

First broad-spectrum drug effective against both gram +/- bacteria
Treats acne vulgarisms, resp/skin infections, infections from gram +/-, syphalis, gonorrhea, Clamydia

22
Q

Tetracycline food interaction

A

May increase affects of digoxin decrease absorption with antacids, iron zinc, and decrease effects of BCP

Don’t take with MG and aluminum antacid prep, milk prod containing calcium and iron

23
Q

Side effects/ adverse reactions of tetracycline

A

NVD , Rash, Flatulence, abd discomfort, HA, photo sensitivity and color vision changes

Adverse: super infections, severe photosensitivity, hepatoxicity, dyscrasias

24
Q

Who should not take tetracycline?

A

Children younger than 8

And oral contraceptives can lessen effectiveness when taken w/tetracycline

25
Q

Aminoglycoside use

A

Use against Gram - bacteria by inhibiting bacterial proteins synthesis
Some gram + cocci are resistant to aminoglycosides so penicillins/ cephalosporins Mayr be used

26
Q

Gentamicin sulfate use

A

Used on serious infections from gram - org, PID, MRSA by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis and has bactericidal effect

27
Q

Gentamicin sulfate drug/ lab interaction

A

Inc risk of otoxicity with loop diuretics and inc nephrotoxicity with furosemide and vanco

28
Q

Gentamicin sulfate S/s

A

NVDA rash, visual disturbances, tremors, tinnitus, purifies, muscle cramps and photosensitivity

29
Q

Why is it useful to monitor peak and group levels

A 
Peak= for toxicity 
Trough= therapeutic drug levels
30
Q

Aminoglycoside s/e and a/r

A

Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

31
Q

Aminoglycoside interactions

A

Don’t administer concurrently with PCN and warfarin can increase when taken simultaneously with aminoglycoside

32
Q

LevaQuin use

A

Useful in treatment of UTI, bone, gonorrhea, mod to severe lower respiratory infections by interfere with enzyme needed to synthesize bacterial DNA

33
Q

Levaquin drug/food

A

Inc eggs here of oral hypoglycemic and theophylline, dec drug absorption with antacids and iron and take before meals to slow absorption rate

34
Q

Levaquin S/A

A

NVD rash and cramps, flatulence, H/A, fatigued, insomnia, flushing, phtosen, tinnitus

35
Q

Adverse reactions of Levaquin

A

Steven Johnson syndrome, encephalopathy, seizures, pseudomembranous coli

36
Q

Sulfonomides

A

oldest antibacterial agent used to combat infection and is an alternative for patients allergic to penicillin

Liver metabolized and kidneys excrete

37
Q

Use of sulfonomides

A

Used to treat UTI, ear infections, meningococcal meningitis, chlamydia, taxoplasmma gondii

38
Q

sulfonomides SE and AR

A

Skin rash, hemolytic anemia, NV, crystalluria, photosensitivity

Avoid during 3rd trimester

39
Q

Bactria use

A

Treats complicated and uncomplicated UTIs and prevention of Pneumocystis cari Ik in clients with AIDS and effective against gram - bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis of nuclei acid, bactericidal effect

40
Q

Bactrian drug food interaction

A

Increased anticoagulation affect with warfarin And inc hypoglycemic effects with oral hypoglycemic drug

41
Q

Batting SA And AR

A

NVDA, rash, atónitos, fatigue, depression, HA, vertigo, photosensitivity

AR- Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, inc bone marrow depression, hemolytic anemia, renal failure and Steven Johnson syndrome

Pharm 1 (13 decks)

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