Week 7 Antimicrobials Flashcards
Drugs used with patients with PCN allergies
Macrolides, lincosamides, glycopeptides, ketolides, lipopeptides
All similar to PCN but different structure
What is prescribed of client is hypersensitive to PCN?
Erythromycin (macrolide) (drug Choi e to treat mycoplasmal pneumonia and legionnaires disease
Macrolide
Broad spectrum antibiotics admin by PO and IV (infuse slowly)
Active against most gram + and some -
Excreted in bile, feces, urine
What do macrolide a treat?
Mild to moderate infections of respiratory tract, sinuses, GI tract, skin, soft tissue, STIs
Azithromycin use
Zithromax (for PCN allergic) resp. Infections, gonorrhea and skin infections
Azithromycin drug food interaction
Increase effect of warfarin, digoxin
Dec effects on PCNs Clindamycin
Peak levels reduces if taken with antacids at same time
Side effects of azithromycin
Anorexia,NVD, rash, tinnitus, and cramps, pruritis
Azithromycin adverse reactions and contraindications
Superinfection, vaginitis, stomitis, urticaria, hearing loss,
Hypersensitivity
Macrolide
Hepatoxicity can occur when taken in large doses but reversible when discontinued
Lincosamides
Have both bacteriostatic and bactericidal actions depending on dosage
Ex: lincomycin, clindamycin, pirlimycin
What is clindamycin more widely prescribed to?
Active against most gram +, not effective against gram -
Vancomycin
Used against drug res. Staph aureus in cardiac surgical prophylaxis for those w/PCN allergies
Vancomycin when given orally
not absorbed systemically and excreted in genes
Intermittent vancomycin
Should be diluted in 100 ml for 500 mg and 200 for 1 g
Administer 10mg/min or min of 60 min
What happens with rapid IV injection of vanco
Red neck syndrome
Vancomycin uses
Staph infections, drug res. S.aureus and cardiac prophylaxis
Vancomycin drug/food interaction
Dramamine can mask ototoxicity
Caution giving furosemide with vancomycin
Absorption can be decreased given with cholestyramine
Side effects with vancomycin
NVD Rash Dizziness Fever Too rapid=red man syndrome
Vanco adverse reactions
Nephrotoxicity,ototoxicity, neutropenia, eosinophilia, stevens Johnson syndrome, hypotension, tachycardia
Vaco excretion
PO-fences
IV- urine
Tetracycline use
First broad-spectrum drug effective against both gram +/- bacteria
Treats acne vulgarisms, resp/skin infections, infections from gram +/-, syphalis, gonorrhea, Clamydia
Tetracycline food interaction
May increase affects of digoxin decrease absorption with antacids, iron zinc, and decrease effects of BCP
Don’t take with MG and aluminum antacid prep, milk prod containing calcium and iron
Side effects/ adverse reactions of tetracycline
NVD , Rash, Flatulence, abd discomfort, HA, photo sensitivity and color vision changes
Adverse: super infections, severe photosensitivity, hepatoxicity, dyscrasias
Who should not take tetracycline?
Children younger than 8
And oral contraceptives can lessen effectiveness when taken w/tetracycline
Aminoglycoside use
Use against Gram - bacteria by inhibiting bacterial proteins synthesis
Some gram + cocci are resistant to aminoglycosides so penicillins/ cephalosporins Mayr be used
Gentamicin sulfate use
Used on serious infections from gram - org, PID, MRSA by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis and has bactericidal effect
Gentamicin sulfate drug/ lab interaction
Inc risk of otoxicity with loop diuretics and inc nephrotoxicity with furosemide and vanco
Gentamicin sulfate S/s
NVDA rash, visual disturbances, tremors, tinnitus, purifies, muscle cramps and photosensitivity
Why is it useful to monitor peak and group levels
Peak= for toxicity Trough= therapeutic drug levels
Aminoglycoside s/e and a/r
Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
Aminoglycoside interactions
Don’t administer concurrently with PCN and warfarin can increase when taken simultaneously with aminoglycoside
LevaQuin use
Useful in treatment of UTI, bone, gonorrhea, mod to severe lower respiratory infections by interfere with enzyme needed to synthesize bacterial DNA
Levaquin drug/food
Inc eggs here of oral hypoglycemic and theophylline, dec drug absorption with antacids and iron and take before meals to slow absorption rate
Levaquin S/A
NVD rash and cramps, flatulence, H/A, fatigued, insomnia, flushing, phtosen, tinnitus
Adverse reactions of Levaquin
Steven Johnson syndrome, encephalopathy, seizures, pseudomembranous coli
Sulfonomides
oldest antibacterial agent used to combat infection and is an alternative for patients allergic to penicillin
Liver metabolized and kidneys excrete
Use of sulfonomides
Used to treat UTI, ear infections, meningococcal meningitis, chlamydia, taxoplasmma gondii
sulfonomides SE and AR
Skin rash, hemolytic anemia, NV, crystalluria, photosensitivity
Avoid during 3rd trimester
Bactria use
Treats complicated and uncomplicated UTIs and prevention of Pneumocystis cari Ik in clients with AIDS and effective against gram - bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis of nuclei acid, bactericidal effect
Bactrian drug food interaction
Increased anticoagulation affect with warfarin And inc hypoglycemic effects with oral hypoglycemic drug
Batting SA And AR
NVDA, rash, atónitos, fatigue, depression, HA, vertigo, photosensitivity
AR- Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, inc bone marrow depression, hemolytic anemia, renal failure and Steven Johnson syndrome
