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Pharm 1 > Lecture 5 Antibacterials > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Antibacterials Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteria

A

Single celled organisms

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2
Q

Bacillus snap

A

Rod shape

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3
Q

Cocci

A

Spherical

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4
Q

Cocci in clusters

A

Staphylococcus

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5
Q

Cocci in chains

A

Streptococci

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6
Q

Gram staining

A

Ability of the cell wall to regain a purple stain by a basic dye

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7
Q

Gram +

A

Retain purple dye

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8
Q

Gram -

A

Bacteria not stained by dye

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9
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

Inhibit the growth of bacteria

Tetracycline and sulfonomides

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10
Q

Bactericidal

A

Drug Kills bacteria

PCN and cephalosporins

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11
Q

Culture

A

Determines the organized causing the infection

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12
Q

Sensitivity

A

Determines the antibiotic the organism is sensitive to

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13
Q

Cross resistance

A

Can ate y the microorganisms present in a sample and what drug can kill it

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14
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

concerned with the effects of drugs and the mechanism of their action.

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15
Q

Use of Antibacterials

A

Use to achieve min effective concentration necessary to halt the growth

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16
Q

What also effects an antibacterial drug

A 
Age 
Nutrition 
Immunoglobulins 
WBC
organ function 
Circulation
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17
Q

Health care acquired infections

A

Infections acquired while clients hospitalized

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18
Q

Antibiotic resistance

A

Bacteria can transfer their genetic info to another bacterial species so they become resistance to that antibiotic as well

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19
Q

What was the first penicillinase resistance PCN developed

A

Methicillin

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20
Q

What happens when bacteria are sensitive to a drug

A

Pathogens is inhibited or destroyed

21
Q

What happens if a bacteria is resistant to an antibacterial

A

Pathogen continues to grow despite administration of the drug
(Maybe naturally or acquired)

22
Q

What are antibiotics ineffective to?

A

Viruses

23
Q

What is vancomycin resistant to

A

Enterococci faecium

24
Q

Empiric therapy

A

Prior to definitive diagnosis

25
Q

Prophylactic therapy

A

Prevention of infection using anti microbial treatment

26
Q

Therapeutic therapy

A

Treat clinically good with a definitive speciation and sensitivity

27
Q

Narrow spectrum

A

Primarily effective against one type of organism

Ex: PNC, erythromycin used to treat Gram + infections

28
Q

Broad spectrum

A

Effective against gram +/- org

Used when offending microorganisms has not been identified by C&S

29
Q

Antibiotic combinations

A

Combination antibiotic shouldn’t be routinely prescribed or administered except for specific uncontrollable infections

30
Q

What should you do before taking any antibiotic?

A

C&S

31
Q

Beta-lactamase

A

Enzyme which attacks and destroys beta lactan ring and inactivates beta lactan antibacterial drugs making them ineffective and lead to resistance

32
Q

Example of beta lactan antibacterials

A

Penicillin
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams

33
Q

Penecillin

A

Natural antibacterial agent where the beta lactam structure interferes with bacterial wall synthesis by inhibiting bacterial enzyme necessary for cellular diction and synthesis

34
Q

PNC - G significance

A

First given PO and IM

35
Q

Amoxicillin therapeutic uses

A

Resp. Tract infections, UTI, otros media, sinusitis , ulcers, tonsillitis

36
Q

Amoxicillin dug-food interactions

A

Increase effects w/aspirin
Increase bleeding with anticoagulants
Decrease effect with acidic juices

37
Q

Amoxicillin S/A

A

N/V/D, abdominal pain, rash, edemac stomitis, H/A, dizziness, insomnia, anxiety, confusion

38
Q

Amoxicillin Adverse reactions

A

Super infections, bone marrow depression, Steven Johnson syndrome

39
Q

Broad spectrum penicillins, amoxicillin, amicillin

A

May dec. Effectiveness of oral contraceptives

40
Q

Cephalosporins

A

Beta lactam structure that inhibit cell wall synthesis
10% cross over sensitivity of PCN
Not all affected by beta lactamases

41
Q

First generation cephalosporins

A

Destroyed by beta lactamases
Effective against gram +
Used widely for survival prophylaxis

42
Q

Second gen. Cephalosporins

A

Same effectiveness as first Gen but more effective against gram -

43
Q

Third generation

A

Resistant to beta lactamases

Further extended days activity to gram -

44
Q

Fourth generation cephalosporins

A

Not typically used for surgical prophylaxis

Used for sepsis, severe infections of the lower resp tract. Etc

45
Q

Fifth gen cephalosporins

A

First that’s against gram +

46
Q

QSEN alert

A

Cephalosporins should be given 60 mins before first skin Incision

47
Q

Cefazolin use

A

Resp, urinary skin infections esp. surgical prophylaxis

48
Q

Ceflazolin drug food interaction

A

Inc toxicity with loop diuretics, aminoglycocides, banco

Dec. effects with tetracycline and erythromycin

49
Q

Cefazolin s/s

A

A previa NVD rash’s, abdominal cramps fever

Pharm 1 (13 decks)

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