Week 7 Flashcards
probability sampling
random selection
stratified random
cluster sampling
nonprobability sampling
convenience and quota sampling
convenience sampling aka
haphazard sampling
quota sampling
ensuring that the sample is like the population on certain characteristics but uses convenience sampling to obtain the participants
predictive (relational) methods
correlational method
quasi experimental method
ecological validity
extent to which research can be generalised to real life situation
expectancy effects
influence of the researcher’s expectations on the outcome of the study
undisguised observation
subjects are aware that the researcher is observing their behaviour
nonparticipant observation
studies in which the researcher does not participate in the situation in which the research subjects are involved
participant observation
researcher actively participates in the situation in which the research subjects are involved
disguised observation
subjects are unaware that the researcher is observing their behaviour
static item
type of item on checklist on which attributes that will not change are recorded (gender, race, age)
action item
notes the presence or absence of behaviours
archival method
a descriptive research method that involves describing data that existed before the time of the study
Problem of reactivity is minimised because the data have already been collected
Less time consuming
standardised interview
somewhat formal; questions asked in a specific order
semistandardised interview
some structure; wording is flexible’ level of language may be modified; provide further explanation is requested; more flexible
unstandardised interview
completely unstructured; no set order to the questions not a set wording
action research
Research is conducted by a group of people to identify a problem, attempt to resolve it and then assess how successful their efforts were
action research 3 phases
Looking: gather info; identify problem and stakeholders
Thinking: thinking about the problem; gather info to answer the question posed; analyse and interpret the data
Action: action taken to improve the lives of participants
double barreled question
asks more than one thing
response bias in a survey
consistently give same answer to almost all the items on a survey; yea-saying or nay-saying
dillman’s question arrangement
Present related questions in subsets
Sensitive topics at end of subset
Demographic questions at end of survey
magnitude
indication of the strength of the relationship between two variables
Magnitude or strength of a relationship is determined by the correlation coefficient
strong
+/- .7-1
moderate
+/- .3-.69
none (0) to weak
+/- .00 to .29
Curvilinear relationship
Correlation coefficient of 0
Strong positive relationship depicted in the left half of the graph essentially cancels out the strong negative relationship in the right half of the graph
partial correlation
a correlation technique that involves measuring three variables and then statistically removing the effect of the third variable form the correlation of the remaining two variables
person-who argument
arguing that a well-established statistical trend is invalid because we know a ‘person who’ went against the trend
law of large numbers
a large sample will be more representative than a small sample
good sample size
25-30 individuals for each group or treatment condition
predictor variable
the first variable
criterion variable
second variable (Being explained or predicted)
intermedial relationship
linear relationship but more variability of x and y from line of best fit
correlation coefficient describes
direction, form, consistency of strength (r)
mediating variable
increasing impact of predictor variable on criterion variable
moderating variable
explaining the relationship between the two variables
