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PSY1022 > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

4 elements of a good hypothesis

A

logical
testable
refutable
positive

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2
Q

ethical guidelines used today

A

nuremberg code- 10 principles developed for the Nazi war crime trials

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3
Q

institutional review board (IRB)

A

committee charged with evaluating research projects in which human subjects are used

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4
Q

APA code of ethics

A 
beneficence and nonmaleficence 
fidelity and responsibility 
integrity 
justice 
respect for people's rights and dignity
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5
Q

minimal risk

A

placed under no more physical or emotional risk than would be encountered in daily life

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6
Q

Properties of measurement

A

identity
magnitude
equal unit size
absolute zero

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7
Q

identity

A

objects that are different receive different scores

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8
Q

magnitude

A

ordering of numbers reflects the ordering of the variable

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9
Q

equal unit site

A

a difference of 1 is the same throughout the entire scale

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10
Q

absolute zero

A

assigning a score of 0 indicates an absence of the variable being measured

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11
Q

levels of measurement

A

nominal scale
ordinal scale
interval scale
ratio scale

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12
Q

nominal scale

A

objects or individuals are assigned to categories that have no numerical properties

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13
Q

ordinal scale

A

objects or individuals are categorised, and the categories form a rank order along a continuum

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14
Q

interval scale

A

units of measurement (intervals) between the numbers on the scale are all equal in size

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15
Q

ratio scale

A

in addition to order and equal units of measurement, an absolute zero indicates the absence of the variable being measured

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16
Q

aptitude test

A

potential to do something

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17
Q

achievement test

A

competence in an area

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18
Q

observed score

A

true score + measurement error

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19
Q

reliability

A

true score / (true score + error score)

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20
Q

no error

A

reliability is 1.00

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21
Q

as error increases

A

reliability drops below 1.00

22
Q

correlation coefficient

A

a measure of the degree of relationship between two sets of scores
can vary between -1.00 to 1.00

23
Q

strong

A

+/- .70-1.00

24
Q

moderate

A

+/- .30-.69

25
Q

none (.00) to weak

A

+/- .00-.29

26
Q

test/retest reliability

A

assessing the degree of relationship between scores on the same test administered on two different occasions

27
Q

Alternate-forms reliability

A

assessing the degree of relationship between scores on two equivalent tests
using alternate forms of the testing instrument

28
Q

split-half reliability

A

correlating scores on one half of a measure with scores on the other half of the measure

29
Q

interrater reliability

A

assesses the agreement of observations made by two or more raters or judges

30
Q

interrater reliability formula

A

(number of agreements/number of possible agreements) x 100

31
Q

content validity

A

extent to which a measuring instrument covers all dimensions of a construct
face validity

32
Q

criterion validity

A

extent to which a measuring instrument accurately predicts behaviour or ability in a given area
concurrent and predictive validity

33
Q

concurrent validity

A

test is used to estimate present performance

is a new measure consistent with other more established measures of the same variable

34
Q

predictive validity

A

test is used to predict future performance

can a tool predict future performance

35
Q

construct validity

A

degree to which a measuring instrument accurately measures a theoretical construct or trait that it is designed to measure

36
Q

reliable or valid?

A

a test can be reliable and not valid, but if it is valid it is by default reliable

37
Q

declaration of helsinki

A

research with humans should follow lab and animal research
researchers must be competent
benefit should outweigh risk

38
Q

national research act

A

mandated formal review boards

39
Q

belmont report

A

recognised principles of seeking justice
importance of conducting research in a way that distributes risks and benefits fairly across different groups at societal level
defined key ethical principles to guide human research

40
Q

extraneous variables

A

variables which may change across treatment groups or affect specific participants and therefore affect the dependent variable, causing unwanted effects

41
Q

confounding variables

A

systematically differs between groups

42
Q

cronbrach’s a

A

quantitative

mean of all possible split-half correlations for a set of items

43
Q

parallel form reliability

A

ensures that alternative forms of the small scale or measure are similar or equivalent in their assessment of a construct

44
Q

cohen’s k

A

categorical

45
Q

convergent validity

A

criteria can also include other measures of the same construct

46
Q

discriminant validity

A

extent to which scores on a measure are not correlated with measures of variables that are conceptually distinct

47
Q

main principles of belmont report

A

autonomy
beneficence
justice

48
Q

APS code of ethics

A 
respect 
propriety 
integrity 
beneficence 
justice
49
Q

omission deception

A

taking something away

placebo

50
Q

commission deception

A

adding people on that are confederated without telling participants

51
Q

non directional

A

expect that there will be a difference between variables, but don’t know the direction or difference

52
Q

method error

A

stem from the experimenter and testing situation

measuring equipment working and use

PSY1022 (12 decks)

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