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PSY1022 > Week 6 > Flashcards

Week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

humorism

A 
hippocrates 
an individual's personality is the result of the balance of four humors
yellow bile 
black bile 
phlegm 
blood
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2
Q

yellow bile

A

personality type: choleric

personality characteristics: dominant and short tempered

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3
Q

black bile

A

pt: melancholic
pc: quiet and reflective

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4
Q

phlegm

A

pt: phlegmatic
pc: calm and agreeable

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5
Q

blood

A

pt: sanguine
pc: cheerful and energetic

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6
Q

psychodynamic approach

A

freud
conflicts among id, ego and superego structures and our efforts to find balance among what each of them ‘desires’ determines how we behave and approach the world

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7
Q

ego

A

take sensible actions that are balanced by input from id

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8
Q

id

A

strong basic impulses

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9
Q

superego

A

moral rules

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10
Q

psychosexual stages of development- freud

A

oral: birth-1
anal: 1-3
phallic: 3-6
latency: 6-puberty
genital: puberty-death

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11
Q

oral stage

A

mouth

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12
Q

anal stage

A

anus
child is now fully aware that they are a person in their own right and that their wishes can bring them into conflict with the demands of the outside world

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13
Q

phallic stage

A

genitals
child becomes aware of sexual differences
process of identification- adopts characteristics of same sex parent

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14
Q

latency stage

A

no further psychosexual development takes place
sexual impulses are repressed
sexual energy sublimated to other endeavours like school and friends

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15
Q

genital stage

A

begins in puberty

directed to interperson sexual pleasure rather than sexual pleasure that was during phallic stage

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16
Q

traits

A

enduring and relatively permanent personality characteristics that are distinguished along a trait continuum

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17
Q

Allport

A

organised traits into hierachy levels: cardinal, central, secondary

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18
Q

cardinal traits

A

dominate and shape individual behaviour

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19
Q

central traits

A

general characteristics

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20
Q

secondary traits

A

only present under specific circumstances

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21
Q

Cattell

A

condense trait list down to 16 dimensions of human personality traits
developed 16PF

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22
Q

Eysenck

A 
people have specific personality dimensions 
personality largely governed by biology
extraversion vs introversion 
neuroticism vs stability 
psychoticism vs socialisation
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23
Q

Eysenck- extraversion

A

caused by variability in cortical arousal

introverts have higher level in this area

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24
Q

5 factor personality model

A

Costa and McCrae

openness, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness and neuroticism

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25
Q

Social cognitive approach

A

emphasises conscious cognitive processes such as thoughts and beliefs and how these interact with our emotions and the environment to predict behaviour

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26
Q

Skinner

A

functional analysis

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27
Q

Walter Mischel

A

individual behaviour reliant on situational cues

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28
Q

Bandura

A

social learning theory

reciprocal determinism

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29
Q

reciprocal determinism:

A

cognitive processes, behaviour and context all interact, each factor simultaneously influencing and being influenced by others

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30
Q

Rotter

A

process of learning creates expectancies that guide future behaviour

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31
Q

locus of control

A

our beliefs about the power we have over our lives

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32
Q

internal locus of control

A

expect situations to be fully controlled by their own efforts

33
Q

external locus of control

A

expect that events will be directed by environmental factors out of their control

34
Q

Rogers

A

individuals driven towards seeking congruence in 3 areas:
self image
self worth
ideal self

35
Q

Maslow

A

human tendency towards growth and self actualisation
individuals are motivated to achieve certain needs either through a sense of deficiency (deficiency motivation) or a desire for personal growth (growth motivation)

36
Q

Sheldon

A

personality can be determined by body shape and size, somatology
endomorphs- solid build
ectomorphs- skinny

37
Q

endomorphs

A

assertive and bold

38
Q

ectomorphs

A

introverted and intellectual

39
Q

projective personality tests

A

based on psychodynamic approach
rorschach inkblot test
thematic apperception test (TAT)

40
Q

Rorschach inkblot test

A

projective test

rorschach

41
Q

TAT

A

murray and morgan

42
Q

objective personality tests

A

administered and scored in standardised manner
Neuroticism-extraversion-openness personality inventory (NEO-PI)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

43
Q

NEO-PI

A

Costa and McCrae
based on big five personality traits: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism

44
Q

MMPI

A

assess psychopathology

45
Q

Eros

A

part of id

life instincts that promote positive, constructive behaviour and reflect a source of energy known as libido

46
Q

libido

A

parts of id

the psychic energy contained in id

47
Q

defence mechanisms

A

psychological responses that help protect a person from anxiety and guilt

48
Q

repression

A

unconsciously pushing threatening memories, urges or ideas from conscious awareness

49
Q

rationalism

A

attempting to make actions or mistakes seem reasonabel

50
Q

projection

A

unconsciously attributing one’s own unacceptable thoughts or impulses to another person

51
Q

reaction formation

A

defending against unacceptable impulses by acting opposite to them

52
Q

sublimation

A

converting unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable actions and perhaps expressing them symbolically

53
Q

displacement

A

deflecting an impulse from its original target to a less threatening one

54
Q

denial

A

simply discounting the existence of threatening impulses

55
Q

compensation

A

striving to make up for unconscious impulses or fears

56
Q

fixation oral stage

A

overeating
childlike dependence (late weaning)
‘biting’ sarcasm (early weaning)

57
Q

fixation anal stage

A

stinginess or excessive neatness (toilet training too early/harsh)
disorganised or impulsive (toilet training too late/lax)

58
Q

oedipal complex

A

young girl develops an attachment to her father and competes with her mother for his attention

59
Q

electra complex

A

young girl develops an attachment to her father and competes with her mother for his attention

60
Q

fixation phallic stage

A

difficulty dealing with authority figures

inability to maintain a stable love relationship

61
Q

Jung’s analytical theory

A

libido not sexual, more general life force
no specific stages of development
collective unconscious

62
Q

collective unconscious

A

memories we have inherited from our human and non human ancestors
responsible for our innate tendencies to react

63
Q

alder

A

power behind personality development from an innate desire to overcome infantile feelings of helplessness and to gain some control over the environment
striving for superiority

64
Q

erikson, fromm and sullivan

A

once our biological needs are met, the attempt to meet social needs creates personality

65
Q

horney

A

men envy women
womb envy
women do not get penis envy

66
Q

object relations

A

how peoples perceptions of themselves and others influence their view of and reactions to the world

67
Q

trait approach; 3 basic assumptions

A

relatively stable and predictable over time
relatively stable across situations
people differ in how much of a particular personality trait they possess

68
Q

traits

A

quantitative differences among people

how much of a certain characteristic they have

69
Q

types

A

qualitative differences

whether someone possesses a certain characteristic at all

70
Q

Gray’s reinforcement sensitivity theory

A

differences among people in introverson-extraversion and emotionality-stability originate in brain areas containing systems that influence how sensitive people are to different kinds of events
BAS
FSS

71
Q

BAS- Gray

A

affects peoples sensitivity to rewards and their motivation to seek those rewards
how impulsive or uninhibited a person is

72
Q

FSS- Gray

A

affects how sensitive people are to potential punishment and the motivation to avoid being punished

73
Q

Extraverts- Gray

A

sensitive BAS and insensitive FSS

74
Q

Introverts- Gray

A

Insensitive BAS and sensitive FSS

75
Q

Emotionally unstable

A

sensitive to both

76
Q

Mischel’s cognitive-affective theory conclusions

A

personal dispositions influence behaviour only in relevant situations
personal dispositions can lead to behaviours that alter situations, and those altered situations in turn promote other behaviours
people choose to be in situations that are in tune with their personal dispositions
personal dispositions are more important in some situations than in others

77
Q

anal retentive

A

fixation during anal stage

78
Q

denial vs repression

A

denial is conscious

repression is unconscious

79
Q

Humanistic- 6 factors of growth

A 
congruence
empathy
UPR
contact 
client incongruence or vulnerability 
client perception

PSY1022 (12 decks)

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