Week 7 Flashcards
What are some Barrera to exercise/sport?
Lack of time/facilities Cost Fatigue Health problems Fear of going alone Fear of injury Embarrassing Too difficult
What did sport include conclude about female participation in sport?
The reason for man females not participating in sport is lack of confidence - launched the ‘this girl can’ campaign
What is self efficacy?
Belief in our own capability to successfully perform a specific task or behaviour
Reacted to a context rather than general - different to general confidence
What are characteristics of high self efficacy?
Choices - embrace challenge as achievement opportunities
Effort - work hard and persevere to overcome obstacles
Emotional response - resilient in the face of set backs
What are the characteristics of low self efficacy?
Choices - avoid challenge due to ear of failure, set low goals
Effort - expect failure regardless and give up easily
Emotional response - attribute failure to inability
What is self esteem?
Judgement of own worth
How do I feel, what do I contribute
What is self concept?
Judgement of identity
Who am I
What is self determination?
Judgement of inner desire
Do I want to do this
What is adoption self efficacy?
Confidence to initiate a new behaviour e.g. overcoming fears, learning how, making time
What is maintenance self efficacy?
Regulating behaviour over time
Confidence of continuing exercise long term when facing challenges e.g. bad weather, fatigue, boredom, short of time
Self efficacy study - 174 sedentary older adults recruited for five month exercise programme, what were the results?
6m - influential factors - social support, positive affect, self efficacy
Over following years it was self efficacy that ensured people kept being active
Positive affect also played role in ensuring continued participation
What is Bandura’s theory?
Self efficacy sources;
- mastery experience - develop confidence from experiencing success
- vicarious experience - confidence from watching others dot things
- social persuasion - feedback from others
- physical/emotional cues - degree of arousal
What is mastery experience?
People interpret results of previous actions and develop beliefs about their capabilities
Enhanced by successful experience (mastery)
Decreased by perceived failure (especially if before self efficacy developed)
What are the implications for exercise of mastery experience?
Draw on positive experiences from the past
Create progressive challenges
What is vicarious experience?
Observing others allows self efficacy to develop even when prior experience is lacking (role models)
E.g. Sky sport living for sport - Olympians going into schools etc Q&As - inspire
What is a role model?
Someone with whom one can identify
Someone who possesses capabilities to which one aspires
What are the implications of vicarious experience for exercise?
Provide opportunity to watch similar others achieve
Avoid inappropriate social comparisons
What is social persuasion?
Comments from other can affect self efficacy
Only effective if genuine and realistic
Best when trusted/credible source
Negative appraisal weakens self efficacy more than positive strengthens it
What are the implications of social persuasion for exercise?
Ensure realistic feedback and avoid negative perspective
Identity of person giving feedback is important
What are physical/emotional cues?
Perceptions of physical/emotional states relating to behaviour influence self efficacy
Interpretation of physical signs e.g. HR as indicator of capability
Positive emotional states increase self efficacy, negative states reduce it
What are the implications of physical/emotional cues for exercise?
Avoid stress or negative emotions
Correct misinterpretations of physical symptoms
Fred had a heart attack, used to play rugby in school and now lacks confidence and fears exercising because of heart. How could mastery experience help?
Recall school rugby
Start easy gradual build up
Keep progress log
Fred had a heart attack, used to play rugby in school and now lacks confidence and fears exercising because of heart. How could vicarious experience help?
Come to watch a session first
See video of class
Talk to former patient
Fred had a heart attack, used to play rugby in school and now lacks confidence and fears exercising because of heart. How could social persuasion help?
Positive feedback from staff
Encouragement from other patients
Fred had a heart attack, used to play rugby in school and now lacks confidence and fears exercising because of heart. How could physical/emotional cues help?
Info on exercise sensations
Pleasant music
Relaxation techniques
