Week 5 Flashcards
What is addiction?
A compulsive pattern of behaviour that continues despite adverse consequences and develops due to physical and/or psychological dependence.
What is physical dependence?
Body having adjusted to a substance and incorporated it into its normal functioning
- tolerance (need to take more for same effect)
- withdrawal without
- easier to overcome than psychological
What is psychological dependence?
Compulsion to use substance or perform activity for its desirable effects (cravings)
What is the physical diagnostic criteria for substance-use addictive disorders?
Developing tolerance
Experimenting withdrawal symptoms after stopping (e.g. nausea, irritability)
What is the physiological diagnostic criteria for substance-use addictive disorders?
Consuming more than intended
Spending considerable time using substance
Cravings
Failing to control use
Failing to fulfil role obligations
Giving up activities because of the substance
Continuing use despite effect on relationship
Repeated use in risky situations (e.g. drink driving)
What are some possible behavioural addictions?
Exercise Shopping Eating Gambling Social media Sex Video gaming
Defining characteristic for exercise addiction - tolerance
Increased exercise to maintain mood effects
Defining characteristic for exercise addiction - withdrawal
Negative symptoms if exercise discontinued
Defining characteristic for exercise addiction - time
A lot of time on exercise related activities
Defining characteristic for exercise addiction - intention
Performing more exercise than intended
Defining characteristic for exercise addiction - reducing other activities
Prioritising exercise over other activities
Defining characteristic for exercise addiction - continuance
Continuing exercise despite harmful effects
Defining characteristic for exercise addiction - control
Inability to cut down/control exercise
What is the exercise dependant scale?
Used to determine how at risk people are of becoming exercise dependant
Number of statements - participants have to measure how much that affects them
What are the phases of exercise addiction?
Recreational exercise
At risk exercise
Problematic exercise
Exercise addiction
What is movement through the phases of addiction underpinned by?
Motivation - increasingly related to mood regulation
Consequences - increasingly negative and wide reaching
Control - over exercise increasingly hard to maintain
What is a committed exerciser?
Organises exercise around life
What is a dependant exerciser?
Organises life around exercise
What is primary exercise?
Exercise is an end in itself
What is secondary exercise?
Exercise is a means to and end (e.g. weight control)
What is the disorder criteria for anorexia nervosa?
Persistent restriction of energy intake Very low body weight Fear of gaining weight Disturbed perceptions of body shape Weight loss by dieting, fasting and/or excessive exercise
What is the disorder criteria for bulimia nervosa?
Binge eating
Lack of control
Compensatory behaviour to avoid weight gain e.g. vomiting, excessive exercise
What is muscle dysmorphia?
Sub-type of body dysmorphia disorder
Preoccupation with the idea that body is too small or insufficiently muscular/lean
Often leads to excessive exercise, diet and/or lifting weights
194 adult female exercises screened for exercise dependance and eating disorders via validated questionnaires, what were the results?
Secondary dependance group compared with control had;
- higher psychological distress, neuroticism, dispositional addictiveness
- lower self esteem
- greater concerns with body shape and aesthetic costs of not exercising
- similar to eating disorders
Primary group indistinguishable from control
