Week 5

Question 1

What is addiction?

Answer 1

A compulsive pattern of behaviour that continues despite adverse consequences and develops due to physical and/or psychological dependence.

Question 2

What is physical dependence?

Answer 2

Body having adjusted to a substance and incorporated it into its normal functioning

• tolerance (need to take more for same effect)
• withdrawal without
• easier to overcome than psychological

Question 3

What is psychological dependence?

Answer 3

Compulsion to use substance or perform activity for its desirable effects (cravings)

Question 4

What is the physical diagnostic criteria for substance-use addictive disorders?

Answer 4

Developing tolerance

Experimenting withdrawal symptoms after stopping (e.g. nausea, irritability)

Question 5

What is the physiological diagnostic criteria for substance-use addictive disorders?

Answer 5

Consuming more than intended
Spending considerable time using substance
Cravings
Failing to control use
Failing to fulfil role obligations
Giving up activities because of the substance
Continuing use despite effect on relationship
Repeated use in risky situations (e.g. drink driving)

Question 6

What are some possible behavioural addictions?

Answer 6

Exercise 
Shopping
Eating
Gambling 
Social media 
Sex
Video gaming

Question 7

Defining characteristic for exercise addiction - tolerance

Answer 7

Increased exercise to maintain mood effects

Question 8

Defining characteristic for exercise addiction - withdrawal

Answer 8

Negative symptoms if exercise discontinued

Question 9

Defining characteristic for exercise addiction - time

Answer 9

A lot of time on exercise related activities

Question 10

Defining characteristic for exercise addiction - intention

Answer 10

Performing more exercise than intended

Question 11

Defining characteristic for exercise addiction - reducing other activities

Answer 11

Prioritising exercise over other activities

Question 12

Defining characteristic for exercise addiction - continuance

Answer 12

Continuing exercise despite harmful effects

Question 13

Defining characteristic for exercise addiction - control

Answer 13

Inability to cut down/control exercise

Question 14

What is the exercise dependant scale?

Answer 14

Used to determine how at risk people are of becoming exercise dependant
Number of statements - participants have to measure how much that affects them

Question 15

What are the phases of exercise addiction?

Answer 15

Recreational exercise

At risk exercise

Problematic exercise

Exercise addiction

Question 16

What is movement through the phases of addiction underpinned by?

Answer 16

Motivation - increasingly related to mood regulation

Consequences - increasingly negative and wide reaching

Control - over exercise increasingly hard to maintain

Question 17

What is a committed exerciser?

Answer 17

Organises exercise around life

Question 18

What is a dependant exerciser?

Answer 18

Organises life around exercise

Question 19

What is primary exercise?

Answer 19

Exercise is an end in itself

Question 20

What is secondary exercise?

Answer 20

Exercise is a means to and end (e.g. weight control)

Question 21

What is the disorder criteria for anorexia nervosa?

Answer 21

Persistent restriction of energy intake 
Very low body weight 
Fear of gaining weight 
Disturbed perceptions of body shape 
Weight loss by dieting, fasting and/or excessive exercise

Question 22

What is the disorder criteria for bulimia nervosa?

Answer 22

Binge eating
Lack of control
Compensatory behaviour to avoid weight gain e.g. vomiting, excessive exercise

Question 23

What is muscle dysmorphia?

Answer 23

Sub-type of body dysmorphia disorder
Preoccupation with the idea that body is too small or insufficiently muscular/lean
Often leads to excessive exercise, diet and/or lifting weights

Question 24

194 adult female exercises screened for exercise dependance and eating disorders via validated questionnaires, what were the results?

Answer 24

Secondary dependance group compared with control had;

• higher psychological distress, neuroticism, dispositional addictiveness
• lower self esteem
• greater concerns with body shape and aesthetic costs of not exercising
• similar to eating disorders

Primary group indistinguishable from control