week 7 Flashcards
what muscles attach to the spinous process of T12?
the trapezius, latissimus dorsi, serratus posterior inferior, iliocostalis lumborum, spinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis and interspinalis
how many synovial joints are typically present at T12?
six
which erector spinae muscle is unique in its attachment to the T12 spinous process?
iliocostalis lumborum
what accounts for the direction of the lumbar curve?
the vertebral body and intervertebral disc have a greater anterior height than posterior height
what muscles may attach to a typical lumbar vertebral body?
psoas major, and psoas minor
what is the name given to ligaments which attach vertebral body to articular process?
transforaminal ligaments
what ligaments attach the vertebral body to the transverse process?
corporotransverse ligaments
what is the proposed function of the hofmann ligaments in the cervical - upper thoracic region?
resist caudal movement of the dural sac; resist graitational forces on the dura and cord
what is the proposed function of the lumbar hofmann ligaments?
resist cranial movement of the dural sac during flexion
what osseous conditions of lumbar vertebrae facilitate a spinal tap in this region?
overlap of the laminae, shingling diminishes; overlap of spinous processes, imbrication, diminishes
a styloid process occurs with what frequency and as a result of what condition?
7% occurrence as a result of congenital elongation of the lumbar accessory process
what was believed to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament?
the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a lumbar spinal nerve
what muscles attach to the lumbar accessory process?
longissimus thoracis and intertransversarii
what names are given to the condition in which one zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane or position, and the other zygapophysis lies in the sagittal plane or position?
joint asymmetry or joint tropism
what is the name of the condition when the typical lumbar spinous process increases in length due to the aging process?
baastrup’s syndrome or kissing spines
what ligaments attach to the transverse process of the fifth lumbar vertebra?
the lumbosacral, iliolumbar, mammillo-accessory and intertransverse ligaments
what names are given to the condition in which the right zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in a plane or position different from the left zygapophsis?
joint asymmetry or joint tropism
what is the name given to the congenital condition in which the fifth lumbar spinous process is elongated, the sacrum exhibits spina bifida and dorsiflexion produces pain?
knife clasp syndrome
lumbar spondylolysis has not been reported in which group of people?
fetuses, newborns, rarely in children under five years old, patients who have never walked, and non-erect species
what is the gender bias and locational bias associated with lumbar spondylolysis?
men at L5/S1; women at L4/L5
what is the appearance of a spondylolysis in a lumbar vertebra upon an oblique x-ray view?
a collared scotty dog
what characteristics are associated with cervical spondylolsis?
rare, congenital, gender biased towards men, most common at C6 and linked to spondylolisthesis, and spina bifida
what is the ethnic, gender, and locational bias associated with sacral spondylolysis?
the native alaskan (inuit) male at the S1 level
identify all the names given to type 1 spondylolisthesis?
dysplastic spondylolisthesis, congenital spondylolisthesis
what gender bias locational bias, and spinal canal dimensions are associated with type II spondylolisthesis?
isthmic spondylolisthesis is common in men, located at the L5/S1 level and demonstrates an increase in sagittal diameter of the spinal canal.
what is the gender bias, locational bias, and spinal cord dimensional change often associated with type III spondylolisthesis?
degenerative spondylolisthesis is more common in women , particularly at L4/L5, and demonstrates no change in the sagittal diameter of the spinal canal
what are the causes associated with type V spondylolisthesis?
bone disease such as paget disease or osteogenesis imperfecta
what features may be identified along the intermediate sacral crest?
the mammillary process of S1 and the sacral cornu of S5
what features may be identified along the lateral sacral crest?
S1 transverse tubercle, sacral tuberosity of S2, transverse tubercles of S3, S4, and S5
what is the name of the joint formed by the sacral tuberosity?
the accessory sacro-iliac joint
what forms the posterior boundary for the first coccygeal spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?
sacral cornu, coccygeal cornu, superficial dorsal sacrococcygeal ligament, intercornual ligament
what forms the inferior boundary of the spinal canal?
the union of the superficial dorsal and deep dorsal sacrococcygeal ligaments
superior articular facets of which vertebrae will be oriented bum?
C1, C3-C7, L1-L5, and S1
superior articular facets of which segments will be oriented bul?
C2, T1-T12
inferior articular facets of which segments will be oriented FLD?
C2-C6, T12, and L1-L5
what is another way of implying occipitalization of C1?
atlas assimilation
what joint is formed between the odontoid process ossification centers and the centrum of C2?
the subdental synchondrosis
what is the name given to the joint formed between the tip of the dens and the odontoid process centers of ossification?
tip of the dens synchondrosis
if the joint formed between the tip of the dens and the odontoid process centers of ossification persists beyond age 12, what is the condition called?
terminal ossicle
