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spinal 2 quiz questions > week 2 > Flashcards

week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What name is given to the cartilage found at the superior and inferior surface of a developing vertebral body?

A

Superior epiphyseal plate and inferior epiphyseal plate.

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2
Q

What are the ages of appearance and the events occurring at each step in the formation of bone at the superior and inferior surface of the vertebral body?

A

7-9 years, appearance of epiphyseal plate centers of ossification.
12 years, formation of the epiphyseal ring.
15 years, formation of the epiphyseal rim.

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3
Q

What is the generic orientation of the pedicle at each region of the spine?

A

Cervical - posterolateral
Thoracic - posterior, slight lateral
Lumbar - posterior

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4
Q

What is the name given to abnormal bone at the attachment site of the ligamentum flavum?

A

Para-articular process.

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5
Q

What is the name given to the overlap of laminae seen on x-ray?

A

Shingling

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6
Q

What is the name given to the lamina - pedicle junction at each region of the spine?

A

Cervical - articular pillar.

Thoracic and lumbar - pars interarticularis.

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7
Q

What is the generic orientation of the transverse process or transverse apophysis at each region of the spine?

A

Cervical - anterolateral
Thoracic - posterolateral
Lumbar - lateral

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8
Q

What will cause the transverse process/transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the cervical region?

A

Cervical spinal nerves are pulled forward to form the cervical and brachial nerve plexuses thus remodeling the transverse process to accomodate their new position.

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9
Q

What will cause the transverse process/transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the thoracic region?

A

The growth of the lungs remodel the shape of the ribs which in turn push the transverse processes backward.

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10
Q

What is the name given to the joint formed by the articular facets of a vertebral couple?

A

The zygapophysis.

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11
Q

What will form the posterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

A

The inferior articular process/post zygapophysis, the superior articular process/pre zygapophysis, the capsular ligament, and the ligamentum flavum.

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12
Q

What will form the superior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

A

The inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisor.

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13
Q

What will form the anterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

A

The vertebral body of the segment above, the vertebral body of the segment below, the intervertebral disc, and the posterior longitudinal ligament.

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14
Q

What is the name given to the normal overlap of spinous processes or spinous apophyses as seen on x-ray?

A

Imbrication

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15
Q

What is the orientation of the spinous process/spinous apophysis at each region of the spine?

A

Cervical - slight angle inferiorly
Thoracic - noticeable angle inferiorly
Lumbar - no inferior angle

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16
Q

What is the name given to the union of all vertebral foramina into an apparent vertical cylinder?

A

The vertebral canal or spinal canal.

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17
Q

What neural structures will occupy the vertebral foramen until the level of L2?

A

The spinal cord/spinal medulla/medulla spinalis, the proximal part of the peripheral nervous system, and the meninges.

18
Q

What is the typical shape/outline of the vertebral foramen at each region of the spinal column/vertebral column?

A

Cervical - triangular
Thoracic - oval
Lumbar - triangular
Sacrum - triangular

19
Q

Identify the meninges of the spinal cord/spinal medulla/medulla spinalis and the commonly accepted meaning of each.

A

Dura mater - tough mother
Arachnoid mater - spider mother
Pia mater - tender or delicate mother

20
Q

Name and locate each space formed between the osseous vertebral foramen and the spinal cord/spinal medulla/medulla spinalis.

A

Epidural space - between the vertebral foramen and the dura mater.

Subdural space - between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater.

Subarachnoid space - between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater.

21
Q

Which contents of the epidural space will be found near the vertebral body?

A

Anterior spinal canal artery and plexus
Anterior internal vertebral venous plexus
Basivertebral vein
Recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral, sinus vertebral nerve
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Hoffmann ligaments

22
Q

What are the branches of the spinal artery?

A

Osseous arteries, anterior spinal canal artery, posterior spinal canal artery, anterior medullary feeder arteries, posterior medullary feeder arteries, neural artery.

23
Q

What forms the vasa corona below C6?

A

A median anterior spinal artery, right and left posterior spinal arteries, and 3 communicating arteries.

24
Q

Which vessel will supply the dorsal/posterior nerve root ganglion?

A

Posterior distal radicular artery.

25
Q

What arterial vasa corona branches supply grey matter and most of the spinal cord?

A

Ventral/central/sulcal perforating arteries.

26
Q

The continuation of the pia mater below the conus medullaris is called?

A

Filum terminale internum.

27
Q

What are the spinal cord enlargement locations and the name given to each?

A

C3-T1, the cervical enlargement; T9-T12, the lumbar/lumbosacral enlargement.

28
Q

What is a generic cord level of origin - vertebral level combination for the lumbar/lumbosacral enlargement?

A

L1, L2 cord levels in T9 vertebra; L3, L4 cord levels in T10 vertebra; L5, S1 cord levels in T11; S2, S3 cord levels in T12 vertebra.

29
Q

What spinal nerves originate from the conus medullaris?

A

Typically S4, S5, and Co1.

30
Q

What is the name given to the caudal attachment of the meninges?

A

Coccygeal medullary vestige.

31
Q

What is the name given to the condition where the conus medullaris is located below L1 and the filum terminale is thickened?

A

Tethered cord syndrome.

32
Q

What is the relationship between spinal nerve number, rib number and vertebral number in a thoracic intervertebral foramen?

A

The spinal nerve number relates to the upper segment number in the vertebral couple. The rib number relates to the lower segment number in the vertebral couple.
For example: T3 nerve exits the intervertebral foramen formed by T3/T4, and rib 4 joints with this same vertebral couple.

33
Q

What is the appearance of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral view?

A

Posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters.

34
Q

At which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height?

A

C5/C6

35
Q

What is the joint classification for the posterior lip - posterior grove articulation?

A

Amphiarthrosis syndesmosis.

36
Q

What is the joint classification for the uncinate process - lateral groove articulation?

A

Modified diarthrosis sellar.

37
Q

What is the joint classification for the spongy bone - intervertebral disk articulation?

A

Amphiarthrosis symphysis.

38
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

A

Ten.

39
Q

What is the name given to the uncinate process - lateral groove articulation?

A

Joint of luschka or uncovertebral joint.

40
Q

What muscle attaches to the typical cervical vertebral body?

A

The longus colli muscle.

spinal 2 quiz questions (15 decks)

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