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spinal 2 quiz questions > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four subclassifications of synarthrosis joints?

A

suture, gomphosis, schindylesis, and syndesmosis

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2
Q

What are the sutura vera?

A

True sutures demonstrating interlocking of the adjacent bone surfaces; typically formed by intramembraneous ossification.

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3
Q

What are the sutura notha?

A

False sutures lacking interlocking of adjacent bone surfaces; typically formed by endochondral ossification.

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4
Q

What are examples of a permanent amphiarthrosis synchondrosis?

A

costochondral joints or the first sternochondral joint.

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of an amphiarthrosis symphysis?

A

limited motion, median plane location, support ligaments both anterior and posterior to the joint, more permanent in longevity than syncondrosis and they occur between bones developing by endochondral ossification.

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6
Q

Which example of an amphiarthrosis symphysis is temporary?

A

symphysis menti

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of type I articular receptors?

A

located in the superficial layer of the fibrous capsule, resemble Ruffini endings, most numerous in cervical zygapophyses and they monitor the joint “at rest.”

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8
Q

What are characteristics of type II articular receptors?

A

they resemble Pacinian corpuscles, located in the deeper strata of the fibrous capsule, most numerous in the cervical spine and monitor the joint during normal range of motion.

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of type III articular receptors?

A

resemble Golgi tendon organs, are present in collateral and intrinsic ligaments, not initially observed along the vertebral column and monitor extreme joint motion.

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10
Q

What are the three classifications of synovial membrane?

A

articular, vaginal, and bursal synovial membrane.

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11
Q

What are the three modifications of articular synovial membrane?

A

synovial villi, articular fat pads or Haversian gland and synovial menisci and intra-articular discs.

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12
Q

What is the specific function of type B synovial cells?

A

secrete proteinaceous substances and hyaluronic acid.

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13
Q

What are the primary constituents of articular cartilage?

A

water, cells, collagen type II fibers and proteoglycan gel.

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14
Q

What is the primary function of bound glycosaminoglycans in articular cartilage?

A

form a network for water retention.

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15
Q

What is implied when cartilage is said to have elastic properties?

A

cartilage can deform and return to original volume rapidly, a time independent property.

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16
Q

What is implied when cartilage is said to have viscoelastic properties?

A

cartilage can deform but returns to original volume slowly, a time dependent property.

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17
Q

Identify and describe the three theories of joint lubrication

A

weeping theory implies fluid lost from cartilage joins synovial fluid
to produce the viscosity of the film.
boosted theory implies water driven into cartilage results in
increased viscosity of the remaining synovial fluid.
boundary theory implies that the lubricant within the synovial fluid
is adsorbed onto the cartilage surface and is never fully removed

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18
Q

What are the properties of synovial fluid?

A

it is yellow-white, viscous, slightly alkaline and tastes salty.

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19
Q

What are the classifications of diarthroses based on the number of articulating surfaces?

A

simple, compound and complex synovial joints.

20
Q

What is a complex diarthrosis?

A

the articulating surfaces are separated by an articular disc or meniscus.

21
Q

What is the purpose of lymphatic capillaries?

A

remove excess plasma proteins from the interstitial space and prevent edema.

22
Q

What are the names of the ducts of the lymphatic system?

A

right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct.

23
Q

What parts of the body will the right lymphatic duct drain?

A

the right side of the head, neck, and thoracic parietal wall, as well as the upper extremity, right lung and convex (diaphragmatic) surface of the liver.

24
Q

What is the location and structural origin of the thoracic duct

A

L2 from the cisterna chyli.

25
Q

What are examples of aggregate lymph nodules?

A

the tonsils and Peyer’s patches of the small intestine.

26
Q

What is the function of lymph nodules?

A

Perpetuation of the lymphocyte cell line and to aid in the immune response.

27
Q

What is the function of lymph nodes?

A

they primarily filter lymph but also are involved in lymphocytopoiesis and they do participate in the immune response.

28
Q

What morphological classifications of synovial joints would be classified as uniaxial?

A

diarthrosis ginglymus and diarthrosis trochoid.

29
Q

What morphological classifications of synovial joints would be classified as biaxial?

A

diarthrosis bicondylar, diarthrosis condyler, diarthrosis ellipsoidal and diarthrosis sellar.

30
Q

What are examples of diarthrosis arthrodia joints?

A

most zygapophyses of the vertebral column, intercarpal, carpometacarpal and intermatacarpal joints of the hand, intercuneiform, tarsometatarsal and intermetatarsals of the foot.

31
Q

What are examples of diarthrosis ginglymus joints?

A

humero-ulnar joint of the elbow and interphalangeal joints of the fingers and toes.

32
Q

What are examples of diarthrosis trochoid joints?

A

median atlanto-axial joint and proximal radio-ulnar joint.

33
Q

What are examples of diarthrosis sellar joints?

A

carpometacarpal joint of the thumb, talocrural joint of the the ankle and the calcaneocuboid joint of the foot.

34
Q

What are the region/divisions of the internal carotid artery?

A

cervical, petrous, cavernous and cerebral.

35
Q

What are the segmental arteries of the thoracic spine?

A

the deep cervical artery, highest (superior) intercostal artery, posterior intercostal artery and subcostal artery.

36
Q

What vessels form the retromandibular vein?

A

superficial temporal and internal maxillary vein.

37
Q

What characteristics of lymph capillaries were stressed in the text?

A

they begin as blind-ended sacs, have a greater lumenal diameter than blood capillaries, are more variable in lumenal diameter than blood capillaries and are more layered in plexus arrangements than blood capillaries.

38
Q

What vessels form the retromandibular vein?

A

Superficial temporal and internal maxillary vein.

39
Q

What are the segmental arteries of the thoracic spine?

A

The deep cervical artery, highest (superior) intercostal artery, posterior intercostal artery and subcostal artery.

40
Q

What are the regions/divisions of the internal carotid artery?

A

Cervical, petrous, cavernous and cerebral.

41
Q

What are examples of diarthrosis sellar joints?

A

Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb, talocrural joint of the ankle and the calcaneocuboid joint of the foot.

42
Q

What morphological classifications of synovial joints would be classified as uniaxial?

A

Diarthoris ginglymus and diarthrosis trochoid.

43
Q

What morphological classifications of synovial joints would be classified as biaxial?

A

Diarthrosis bicondylar, diarthrosis condylar, diarthrosis ellipsoidal and diarthrosis sellar.

44
Q

What are examples of diarthrosis arthrodia joints?

A

Most zygapophyses of the vertebral column, intercarpal, carpometacarpal and intermetacarpal joints of the hand, intercuneiform, tarsometatarsal and intermetatarsals joints of the foot.

45
Q

What are examples of diarthrosis ginglymus joints?

A

Humero- ulnar joint of the elbow and interphalangeal joints of the fingers and toes.

46
Q

What are the examples of diarthrosis trochoid joints?

A

Median atlanto- axial joint and proximal radio- ulnar joint.

spinal 2 quiz questions (15 decks)

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